76 research outputs found
Urinary Bisphenol A and Hypertension in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults
Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, with >93% of US adults having detectable BPA levels in urine. Recent animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may have a role in several mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension, including weight gain, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. However, no previous human study has examined the association between markers of BPA exposure and hypertension. Methods. We examined urinary BPA levels in 1380 subjects from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-2004. Main outcome-of-interest was hypertension, defined as blood pressure-reducing medication use and/or blood pressures >140/90 mm of Hg (n = 580). Results. We observed a positive association between increasing levels of urinary BPA and hypertension independent of confounding factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and total serum cholesterol levels. Compared to tertile 1 (referent), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hypertension associated with tertile 3 was 1.50 (1.12−2.00); P-trend = 0.007. The association was consistently present in subgroup analyses by race/ethnicity, smoking status, BMI, and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. Urinary BPA levels are associated with hypertension, independent of traditional risk factors
Markers of Sleep Disordered Breathing and Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008)
We examined gender and ethnic differences in the association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and diabetes among 6,522 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–08. SDB severity was defined based on an additive summary score including sleep duration, snoring, snorting, and daytime sleepiness. We found that the summary SDB score was significantly associated with diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders in the whole population. Compared to those without any sleep disturbance, the multivariable odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of diabetes among those with ≥3 sleep disturbances was 2.04 (1.46–2.87). In sex-specific analyses, this association was significant only in women (OR (95% CI) = 3.68 (2.01–6.72)) but not in men (1.10 (0.59–2.04)), P-interaction = 0.01. However, there were no ethnic differences in this association, P-interaction = 0.7. In a nationally representative sample of US adults, SDB was independently associated with diabetes only in women, but not in men
Bisphenol A and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES
Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is detected in the urine of 95% of US adults. Recent evidence from population-based studies suggests that BPA is associated with individual components for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no previous study has examined the direct association between BPA and MetS. Methods. We examined 2,104 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008. The main outcome was the presence of MetS (). Results. Increasing levels of urinary BPA were positively associated with MetS, independent of confounders such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and urinary creatinine. Compared to tertile 1 (referent), the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of MetS in tertile 3 was 1.51 (1.07–2.12); -trend was 0.02. Conclusions. Urinary BPA levels are positively associated with MetS, in a representative sample of US adults and independent of traditional risk factors for MetS. Future, prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings
Markers of sleep disordered breathing and diabetes mellitus in a multiethnic sample of US adults: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey (2005–2008
We examined gender and ethnic differences in the association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and diabetes among 6,522 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-08. SDB severity was defined based on an additive summary score including sleep duration, snoring, snorting, and daytime sleepiness. We found that the summary SDB score was significantly associated with diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders in the whole population. Compared to those without any sleep disturbance, the multivariable odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of diabetes among those with ≥3 sleep disturbances was 2.04 (1.46-2.87). In sex-specific analyses, this association was significant only in women (OR (95% CI) = 3.68 (2.01-6.72)) but not in men (1.10 (0.59-2.04)), P-interaction = 0.01. However, there were no ethnic differences in this association, P-interaction = 0.7. In a nationally representative sample of US adults, SDB was independently associated with diabetes only in women, but not in men
Dwarf galaxies show little ISM evolution from to : a spectroscopic study of metallicity, star formation, and electron density
We present gas-phase metallicity measurements for 583 emission line galaxies
at , including 388 dwarf galaxies with , and explore the dependence of the metallicity on the stellar mass and
star formation properties of the galaxies. Metallicities are determined through
the measurement of emission lines in very deep (7 hr exposure)
Keck/DEIMOS spectra taken primarily from the HALO7D survey. We measure
metallicity with three strong-line calibrations (O3H, R23, and O3O2) for
the overall sample, as well as with the faint [Ne III]3869 and [O
III]4363 emission lines for 112 and 17 galaxies where robust
detections were possible. We construct mass-metallicity relations (MZR) for
each calibration method, finding MZRs consistent with other strong-line results
at comparable redshift, as well as with galaxies. We quantify the
intrinsic scatter in the MZR as a function of mass, finding it increases with
lower stellar mass. We also measure a weak but significant correlation between
increased MZR scatter and higher specific star formation rate. We find a weak
influence of SFR in the fundamental metallicity relation as well, with an SFR
coefficient of . Finally, we use the flux ratios of the [O
II]3727,3729 doublet to calculate gas electron density in
1000 galaxies with as a function of
redshift. We measure low electron densities ( cm) for
galaxies, again consistent with conditions, but measure higher
densities ( cm) at . These results all suggest that
there is little evolution in star-forming interstellar medium conditions from
to , confirmed with a more complete sample of low-mass galaxies
than has previously been available in this redshift range.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, accepted to Ap
A Review of the Synthesis of Compositionally Complex Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramics
Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC) are a class of ceramics that possess melting points greater than 3000 °C and can withstand temperatures higher than 2000 °C without structural failure. The need to increase the performance inherently leads to the implementation of extreme temperatures, leading to the search for a new class of materials with better thermal properties. Compositionally complex ultra-high temperature ceramics with the inclusion of additional elements, whether resulting in an equimolar or non-equimolar site occupation in the respective sublattices, can improve properties due to the contributions of the configurational entropy. The term compositional complexity can be used as an umbrella term for the class of compositions with 3 or more elements and also their non-equimolar parts. The current review paper is based on the classification of the different compositionally complex ultrahigh temperature ceramics as borides, carbides, nitrides, etc., and reviews the different procedures employed for the bulk or powder synthesis thereof
The Dwarf Galaxy Population at z ∼ 0.7: A Catalog of Emission Lines and Redshifts from Deep Keck Observations
We present a catalog of spectroscopically measured redshifts over
and emission line fluxes for 1440 galaxies. The majority (65\%) of the
galaxies come from the HALO7D survey, with the remainder from the DEEPwinds
program. This catalog includes redshifts for 646 dwarf galaxies with
. 810 catalog galaxies did not have previously
published spectroscopic redshifts, including 454 dwarf galaxies. HALO7D used
the DEIMOS spectrograph on the Keck II telescope to take very deep (up to 32
hours exposure, with a median of 7 hours) optical spectroscopy in the
COSMOS, EGS, GOODS-North, and GOODS-South CANDELS fields, and in some areas
outside CANDELS. We compare our redshift results to existing spectroscopic and
photometric redshifts in these fields, finding only a 1\% rate of discrepancy
with other spectroscopic redshifts. We measure a small increase in median
photometric redshift error (from 1.0\% to 1.3\%) and catastrophic outlier rate
(from 3.5\% to 8\%) with decreasing stellar mass. We obtained successful
redshift fits for 75\% of massive galaxies, and demonstrate a similar 70-75\%
successful redshift measurement rate in
galaxies, suggesting similar survey sensitivity in this low-mass range. We
describe the redshift, mass, and color-magnitude distributions of the catalog
galaxies, finding HALO7D galaxies representative of CANDELS galaxies up to
\textit{i}-band magnitudes of 25. The catalogs presented will enable studies of
star formation (SF), the mass-metallicity relation, SF-morphology relations,
and other properties of the dwarf galaxy population.Comment: 23 pages, 19 Figures, updated to version accepted by ApJ
Association between serum insulin-like growth factor I or IGF-binding protein 3 and estimated glomerular filtration rate: results of a population-based sample
Age at Menarche, the Leg Length to Sitting Height Ratio, and Risk of Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Men and Women
To evaluate the associations of age at menarche and the leg length-to-sitting-height ratio, markers of adolescent growth, with risk of diabetes in later life.Information from 69,385 women and 55,311 men, aged 40-74 years from the Shanghai Women's Health Study and Shanghai Men's Health Study, were included in the current analyses. Diabetes status was ascertained through biennial in person follow-up. Cox models, with age as the time scale, were used.There were 2369 cases of diabetes (1831 women; 538 men) during an average of 7.3 and 3.6 years of follow-up of the women and men, respectively. In females, menarche age was inversely associated with diabetes risk after adjustment for birth cohort, education, and income (HR = 0.95, 0.92-0.98). In both genders, leg length-to-sitting-height ratio was inversely related to diabetes (HR = 0.88, 0.80-0.97 for men; HR = 0.91, 0.86-0.96 for women) after adjustment for birth cohort, education, and income. Further adjustment for adult BMI at study enrollment completely eliminated the associations of age at menarche (HR = 0.99, 0.96-1.02) and the leg length-to-sitting-height ratio (HR = 1.00, 0.91-1.10 for men; HR = 1.01, 0.96-1.07 for women) with diabetes risk.Our study suggests that markers of an early age at peak height velocity, i.e. early menarche age and low leg-length-to-sitting height ratio, may be associated with diabetes risk later in life and this association is likely to be mediated through obesity
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