Improvement of Thermal Insulation and Crack Resistance of Plaster of Paris Composites at High Temperature

344–347In the present work, silica gel is extracted from raw rice husk, incorporated in Plaster of Paris formulations and casted into sheets of varying thicknesses. The sheets were tested for thermal insulation at 60, 100, 150 & 200 °C and compared with blank formulations. Plaster of Paris composites with silica gel have shown remarkable increase in thermal insulation properties and crack resistance. Thermally insulated Plaster of Paris composites with excellent crack resistance have been developed which can be used competently for prolonged times even at high temperatures offering better serviceability and safety to the buildings

Novel dual peptisers and curing agents derived from PET waste as N-alkyl benzene dicarboxamides for EDPM waste

149-152Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) is widely used in the manufacturing of various components in rubber industries and hence recycling of scrap rubber is a major problem. In the present study, EPDM rubber waste powder has been recycled successfully by using N-alkyl benzene dicarboxamides, derived from PET wasteand other additives. Three aminolysed end products namely 1,4-benzene dicarboxamide, 1,4-benzene dicarbohydrazide and N,N′‐diaminoethyl 1,4‐benzene dicarboxamidewere used as peptisers and curing agents in the EPDM waste formulations. EPDM rubber waste sheets have been prepared at comparatively low temperature using two roll mill and compression moulding machine. Tensile strength, % elongation and hardness have been found in the range 12.23-20.19 kg/cm2, 107-145 % and 46-61, respectively. It has been expected that the developed reclaimed process described in this paper will promisingly support the protection of environment and conservation of resources with favors to rubber waste generated throughout the world

Novel dual peptisers and curing agents derived from PET waste as N-alkyl benzene dicarboxamides for EDPM waste

Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) is widely used in the manufacturing of various components in rubber industries and hence recycling of scrap rubber is a major problem. In the present study, EPDM rubber waste powder has been recycled successfully by using N-alkyl benzene dicarboxamides, derived from PET wasteand other additives. Three aminolysed end products namely 1,4-benzene dicarboxamide, 1,4-benzene dicarbohydrazide and N,N′‐diaminoethyl 1,4‐benzene dicarboxamidewere used as peptisers and curing agents in the EPDM waste formulations. EPDM rubber waste sheets have been prepared at comparatively low temperature using two roll mill and compression moulding machine. Tensile strength, % elongation and hardness have been found in the range 12.23-20.19 kg/cm2, 107-145 % and 46-61, respectively. It has been expected that the developed reclaimed process described in this paper will promisingly support the protection of environment and conservation of resources with favors to rubber waste generated throughout the world

Improvement of Thermal Insulation and Crack Resistance of Plaster of Paris Composites at High Temperature

In the present work, silica gel is extracted from raw rice husk, incorporated in Plaster of Paris formulations and casted into sheets of varying thicknesses. The sheets were tested for thermal insulation at 60, 100, 150 & 200 °C and compared with blank formulations. Plaster of Paris composites with silica gel have shown remarkable increase in thermal insulation properties and crack resistance. Thermally insulated Plaster of Paris composites with excellent crack resistance have been developed which can be used competently for prolonged times even at high temperatures offering better serviceability and safety to the buildings

Flame Profile Measurement of Cu (II) based Salen Complex Filled Thermally Stabilized PVC Sheets by Cone Calorimeter

582-585This study deals with evaluation of Cu-based salen complexes as fire retardants in thermally stabilized PVC sheets. The complexes were prepared using salicylaldehyde/5-bromosalicylaldehyde, ethylenediamine and copper (II) acetate monohydrate are used in casting of PVC sheets. PVC sheets were subjected to cone calorimetric experiments and mechanical analysis. Copper based salen complexes filled PVC sheets have shown a decrease of 15.41 MJ/m2 and 10.42 MJ/m2 in total heat release in comparison to control sample. The complexes also enhanced tensile strength of the PVC sheets. A comparative account of PVC sheets for heat release rate, oxygen concentration and concentration of smoke is also presented

Cone Calorimetry in Fire-Resistant Materials

Polymeric materials are specifically designed by compounding with additives to achieve specific properties that make them suitable for a particular application. Flame retardant materials offer fire-resistant properties to the polymers. The fire behavior of polymeric materials can be investigated with the help of various analytical techniques such as Underwriters Laboratories test standard UL-94, LOI test, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Cone Calorimetry. Among these tests, Cone Calorimetry is the most suitable test method for predicting the real-scale fire behavior of polymeric materials and is adopted by the International Organization for standardization (ISO 5660-1). It quantifies heat generation, smoke production, mass loss and helps in the selection of polymeric materials for desired applications. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to present an overview of the thermal decomposition of polymers and the action of flame retardants. Different fire testing techniques generally used for investigations of fire characteristics of polymers are summarized

Flame Profile Measurement of Cu (II) based Salen Complex Filled Thermally Stabilized PVC Sheets by Cone Calorimeter

This study deals with evaluation of Cu-based salen complexes as fire retardants in thermally stabilized PVC sheets. The complexes were prepared using salicylaldehyde/5-bromosalicylaldehyde, ethylenediamine and copper (II) acetate monohydrate are used in casting of PVC sheets. PVC sheets were subjected to cone calorimetric experiments and mechanical analysis. Copper based salen complexes filled PVC sheets have shown a decrease of 15.41 MJ/m2 and 10.42 MJ/m2 in total heat release in comparison to control sample. The complexes also enhanced tensile strength of the PVC sheets. A comparative account of PVC sheets for heat release rate, oxygen concentration and concentration of smoke is also presented

Kinetic Studies on Cure Kinetics of DGEBA (Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol-A) with Terephthalamide Hardening System generated from PET waste

Abstract: An aromatic amide system for epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol-A was developed through ammonolysis of PET waste. The ammonolysis of PET waste was carried out at ambient conditions of temperature & pressure. The end product, characterized as terephthalamide was used as hardener in epoxy resin (Diglycidal ether of Bisphenol-A) and triethylamine and sodium hydroxide were used as catalysts. Several samples were used to study the curing kinetics having varying amounts of the catalysts by means of Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isothermal and Dynamic DSC characterization of the formulations were performed. The curing kinetics of terephthalamide with epoxy resin shows high energy of activation as 50.18 KJ/mole in the absence of catalyst which was lowered towards negative values in their presence. The optimum curing of epoxy resin heated with aromatic hardener can be obtained in 28 minutes at 320 °C. The use of catalysts reduced the curing time to 2.0 minutes at 60 °C

Salen Type Copper (II) Complexes as Flame Retardants for PVC Sheets

46-49Salen type copper (II) complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of salicylaldehyde, 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and 3,5-dibromosalicylaldehyde with ethylenediamine and copper(II) acetate monohydrate. The synthesized complexes were used in poly(vinyl)chloride (PVC) formulations and examined for flame retardant properties. The casted sheets were analyzed through simultaneous TGA and DTA thermal techniques. The combustion points of PVC sheets with Br0, Br1 and Br2 complexes were determined and found higher by 9.43, 10.67 and 6.03 ºC, respectively, in comparison to control sample. Furthermore, the mass spectrometry results suggest that bromine substituted copper (II) complexes are environmentally safe and can be used as effective flame retardants in PVC formulations. The casted PVC sheets may find applications as fire retardant polymers in cables, panels, doors, windows, furniture etc