Technical Efficiency of the Subsurface Drainage on Agricultural Lands in the Moldova River Meadow

This study aims to investigate the technical efficiency of different subsurface drainage variants, in terms of the depth of the tile drains, spacing between the drain lines, type and thickness of the drain + filter complex, and the improvement procedures. Within the four variants, the discharge rate of the soil moisture excess was studied. In variants A and D, the spacing between drains is 20 m, and in the variants B and E, the spacing is 15 m. The depth of the tile drains is 0.8 m in variants D and E and 1.0 m in variants A and B. In variant A, tile drainage was combined with land shaping in the bedding system with top of ridges and furrows. Soil moisture was determined on checkpoints placed on drain cross section, at 2 m from drain lines, and of the middle of the drain spacing. In the version with land shaping, the drain lines located under the furrows favor the excess moisture removal. A similar technical efficiency was recorded in unimproved variant but with spacing between drains of 15 m. Best efficiency at removing excess water was registered in variant of the filtering material from ballast associated with flax strains

THE VALORIZING OF DIFFERENT WOODY WASTES AS NATURAL SUBSTRATES FOR INTENSIVE CULTIVATION OF MUSHROOMS

This paper presents the results of laboratory experiments regarding the valorizing of different types of lignocellulosic wastes coming from woody species through controlled cultivation of two mushroom species, namely Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus. Both mushroom species were cultivated in controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, and aeration in order to get their carpophores. The main aim of this work was focused on finding out the best way to convert the woody wastes into useful food products, such as mushroom fruit bodies, by using them as growing sources for the mentioned edible and medicinal mushrooms. The final produced carpophores were weighted and the results were compared to find out the optimal variant to be applied for intensive cultivation of mushrooms

The composting potential of the by-product marc resulting from the white and red winemaking process

The production of an organic fertilizer was carried out, from waste generated in the winemaking process of white (Riesling Italian-RI) and red (Cabernet Sauvignon-CS) grapes obtained from the vineyard of Pietroasa (Romania). The potential of the biotransformation process of by-product marc in an open pile in the autumn-winter season was controlled and the thermophilic phase reached average values of 60 ºC at a neutral pH which gives it suitable characteristics to be used as a soil fertiliser. The values of the germination index (GI) of Lepidium sativum L. seeds, using water dilutions from the RI and CS compost marc, demonstrated that there was no degree of phytotoxicity (average GI 144.2% and 139.8%, respectively). The compost marc microflora was represented by bacterial and fungal isolates belonging to genera Rhizopus (10%), Aspergillus (80%), and Penicillium (17%), compared to by-product marc that only present fermentation yeasts. The structure of the microorganism populations in the compost marc dried by lyophilisation showed an almost double number of CFUg-1 compared to the oven-dried compost. The presence of potential antagonistic microorganisms and the high number of CFUg-1, demonstrated that this compost can have a suppressive effect on soil pathogens in addition to its quality as a fertilizer

The composting potential of the by-product marc resulting from the white and red winemaking process

The production of an organic fertilizer was carried out, from waste generated in the winemaking process of white (Riesling Italian-RI) and red (Cabernet Sauvignon-CS) grapes obtained from the vineyard of Pietroasa (Romania). The potential of the biotransformation process of by-product marc in an open pile in the autumn-winter season was controlled and the thermophilic phase reached average values of 60 ºC at a neutral pH which gives it suitable characteristics to be used as a soil fertiliser. The values of the germination index (GI) of Lepidium sativum L. seeds, using water dilutions from the RI and CS compost marc, demonstrated that there was no degree of phytotoxicity (average GI 144.2% and 139.8%, respectively). The compost marc microflora was represented by bacterial and fungal isolates belonging to genera Rhizopus (10%), Aspergillus (80%), and Penicillium (17%), compared to by-product marc that only present fermentation yeasts. The structure of the microorganism populations in the compost marc dried by lyophilisation showed an almost double number of CFUg-1 compared to the oven-dried compost. The presence of potential antagonistic microorganisms and the high number of CFUg-1, demonstrated that this compost can have a suppressive effect on soil pathogens in addition to its quality as a fertilizer