Carb­oxy­methyl ursolate monohydrate

In the title compound, C28H50O5·H2O, all of the six-membered rings of the penta­cyclic triterpene skeleton adopt chair conformations. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

(E)-1-(4-Benzhydrylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(3,4-dieth­oxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one ethanol monosolvate

In the title compound, C30H34N2O3·C2H6O, the piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation and the ethene bond exhibits an E conformation. In the crystal, the two components are linked by an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond

(E)-1-{4-[Bis(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)meth­yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title mol­ecule, C29H32N2O3, the piperazine ring has a chair conformation. The amide N atom is almost planar (bond angle sum = 359.5°), whereas the other N atom is clearly pyramidal (bond angle sum = 330.4°). The dihedral angle between the meth­oxy­benzene rings is 81.29 (16)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

(E)-1-{4-[Bis(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)meth­yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-(3,4-dieth­oxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one ethanol disolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C32H38N2O5·2C2H6O, contains one main mol­ecule and two solvent mol­ecules, which inter­act via inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. The crystal packing exhibits weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and voids of 31 Å3

(E)-1-{4-[Bis(4-bromo­phen­yl)meth­yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-(4-eth­oxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C28H28Br2N2O2, the C=C double bond has an E configuration and the piperazine ring has a chair conformation, with the N—C bonds in equatorial orientations. The dihedral angle between the bromo­benzene rings is 83.1 (4)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds

(E)-1-{4-[Bis(4-bromo­phen­yl)meth­yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-(4-bromo­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title mol­ecule, C26H23Br3N2O, the piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation and the C=C double bond has an E configuration. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

(E)-1-{4-[Bis(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)meth­yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-(4-fluoro­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C28H29FN2O3, the conformation about the ethene bond is E. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Improvement of oral availability of ginseng fruit saponins by a proliposome delivery system containing sodium deoxycholate

AbstractGinseng fruit saponins (GFS) extracted from the ginseng fruit are the bioactive triterpenoid saponin components. The aim of the present study was to develop a drug delivery system called proliposome using sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) as a bile salt to improve the oral bioavailability of GFS in rats. The liposomes of GFS were prepared by a conventional ethanol injection and formed the solid proliposomes (P-GFS) using spray drying method on mannitol carriers. The formulation of P-GFS was optimized using the response surface methodology. The physicochemical properties of liposome suspensions including encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release studies, particle size of the reconstituted liposome were tested. The solid state characterization studies using the method of Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Differential scanning colorimetric (DSC) were tested to study the molecular state of P-GFS and to indicate the interactions among the formulation ingredients. In vitro studies showed a delayed release of ginsenoside Re (GRe). In vivo studies were carried out in rats. The concentrations of GRe in plasma of rats and its pharmacokinetic behaviors after oral administration of GFS, Zhenyuan tablets (commercial dosage form of GFS) and P-GFS were studied using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. It was founded that the GRe concentration time curves of GFS, Zhenyuan tablets and P-GFS were much more different in rats. Pharmacokinetic behaviors of P-GFS showed a second absorption peak on the concentration time curve. The pharmacokinetic parameters of GFS, Zhenyuan tablets, P-GFS in rats were separately listed as follows: T max 0.25h, C max 474.96±66.06ng/ml and AUC0−∞ 733.32±113.82ng/mlh for GFS; T max 0.31±0.043h, C max 533.94±106.54ng/ml and AUC0−∞ 1151.38±198.29ng/mlh for Zhenyuan tablets; T max 0.5h, C max 680.62±138.051ng/ml and AUC0−∞ 2082.49±408.33ng/mlh for the P-GFS. The bioavailability of P-GFS was nearly 284% and 181% of the GFS and Zhengyuan tablets respectively. In conclusion, the proliposomes significantly enhanced the drug bioavailability, absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and decreased its elimination time of GRe in rats and could be selectively applied for oral delivery of GFS