130 research outputs found
The Infinity Laplacian eigenvalue problem: reformulation and a numerical scheme
In this work we present an alternative formulation of the higher eigenvalue
problem associated to the infinity Laplacian, which opens the door for
numerical approximation of eigenfunctions. A rigorous analysis is performed to
show the equivalence of the new formulation to the traditional one. We define
consistent numerical schemes for approximating infinity ground states and
higher eigenfunctions and perform numerical experiments which also shed light
on some open conjectures in the field.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure
Induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a model in rats
The objectives of this thesis are to:
1. Compare the induced CDH in rats with the human situation and other available
animal models.
2. Describe the morphological characteristics of the developing rat lung and
diaphragm in congenital diaphragmatic hernia compared with controls.
3. Evaluate the suitability of this model in testing different ventilatory modes and
the subsequent reaction of the CDH lung from a biochemical and histological
point of view
CLIP: Cheap Lipschitz Training of Neural Networks
Despite the large success of deep neural networks (DNN) in recent years, most
neural networks still lack mathematical guarantees in terms of stability. For
instance, DNNs are vulnerable to small or even imperceptible input
perturbations, so called adversarial examples, that can cause false
predictions. This instability can have severe consequences in applications
which influence the health and safety of humans, e.g., biomedical imaging or
autonomous driving. While bounding the Lipschitz constant of a neural network
improves stability, most methods rely on restricting the Lipschitz constants of
each layer which gives a poor bound for the actual Lipschitz constant.
In this paper we investigate a variational regularization method named CLIP
for controlling the Lipschitz constant of a neural network, which can easily be
integrated into the training procedure. We mathematically analyze the proposed
model, in particular discussing the impact of the chosen regularization
parameter on the output of the network. Finally, we numerically evaluate our
method on both a nonlinear regression problem and the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST
classification databases, and compare our results with a weight regularization
approach.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted at SSVM 202
播磨・西摂の計画古道と条里
markdownabstractAbstract
16 patients underwent acute hypervolaemic haemodilution with dextran 40 and Ringers lactate, to see whether this procedure could avoid preoperative blood transfusion. Packed cell volume (PCV) and oxygen extraction decreased, and cardiac index and pulmonary wedge pressure increased, although end-systolic area was unchanged. PCV was not significantly different between patients who lost less than or greater than 20% of their initial blood volume. This preoperative manoeuvre, which reduces loss of red blood cells, allowed major surgery to be completed safely without blood transfusion
Evaluation of lung function changes before and after surfactant application during artificial ventilation in newborn rats with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have unilateral or bilateral hypoplasia of the lungs including delayed maturation of the terminal air sacs. Because these lungs are highly susceptible to barotrauma and oxygen toxicity, even in full-term newborns, continued research into optimal ventilatory regimen is essential to improve survival rate and to prevent ongoing lung damage. Against this background, the effect of exogenous surfactant application is evaluated. In newborn rats, CDH was induced after a single dose of 2,4 dichloro-4'-nitrophenyl (Nitrofen) (400 mg/kg) on day 10 of gestation. The newborn rats were intubated immediately after hysterotomy, transferred to a heated multichambered body plethysmograph, and artificially ventilated. Inspiratory peak pressures were initially set at 17 cm H2O, with positive end-expiratory pressure at 0 cm H2O and FIO2at 1.0. The pressure was raised in steps of 5 cm H2O, from 5 to 30 cm H2O, to obtain pressure- volume diagrams at 0, 1, and 6 hours of artificial ventilation. These measurements were obtained in controls and in CDH rats with and without endotracheal installation of bovine surfactant (n = 4 to 10 in each group). Significant differences in lung volume between CDH and control rats were observed at all time-points. Surfactant application had a positive effect on lung volume, especially in control rats at t = 1 hour. No significant differences were observed between the CDH groups at t = 1 or t = 6 hours. In this animal model, the effect of artificial ventilation as well as the beneficial short-term effect of exogenous surfactant application have been evaluated. A continued positive effect on lung volume in CDH lungs could not be determined. Routine administration of exogenous surfactant in human CDH patients is not supported by these experimental results
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