Tariff history lessons from the European periphery. protection intensity and the infant industry argument in Spain and Italy 1870-1930.

This paper endeavors to study Spanish protectionism on the Italian mirror. On the assumption that literature present both European peripheral countries at a similar stage of development that reacted with a similar protectionist reply to late 19th century economic globalization. Nevertheless, competitiveness and specialization of the respective industrial structures were quite different, as the manufacture export performance in the two countries shows since the turn of the century. This paper will emphasize the existence of significant different protection policies in Spain and Italy between 1860-1930 as an influential variable. The analysis of the quantitative evidence characterize the Italian and Spanish protectionist as low and fiscal versus high and manufacture respectively. The paper develop a new test on the infant industry argument for Spain and Italy which aims at measuring the dynamic effects produced by protection on both economie

Tariff history lessons from the European periphery. protection intensity and the infant industry argument in Spain and Italy 1870-1930..

This paper endeavors to study Spanish protectionism on the Italian mirror. On the assumption that literature present both European peripheral countries at a similar stage of development that reacted with a similar protectionist reply to late 19th century economic globalization. Nevertheless, competitiveness and specialization of the respective industrial structures were quite different, as the manufacture export performance in the two countries shows since the turn of the century. This paper will emphasize the existence of significant different protection policies in Spain and Italy between 1860-1930 as an influential variable. The analysis of the quantitative evidence characterize the Italian and Spanish protectionist as low and fiscal versus high and manufacture respectively. The paper develop a new test on the infant industry argument for Spain and Italy which aims at measuring the dynamic effects produced by protection on both economies

Tariff History Lessons from the European Periphery. Protection Intensity and the Infant Industry Argument in Spain and Italy 1870-1930.

This paper endeavors to study Spanish protectionism on the Italian mirror. On the assumption that literature present both European peripheral countries at a similar stage of development that reacted with a similar protectionist reply to late 19th century economic globalization. Nevertheless, competitiveness and specialization of the respective industrial structures were quite different, as the manufacture export performance in the two countries shows since the turn of the century. This paper will emphasize the existence of significant different protection policies in Spain and Italy between 1860-1930 as an influential variable. The analysis of the quantitative evidence characterize the Italian and Spanish protectionist as low and fiscal versus high and manufacture respectively. The paper develop a new test on the infant industry argument for Spain and Italy which aims at measuring the dynamic effects produced by protection on both economies.

MEASURING PROTECTION OVER TIME. REVENUE AND PROTECTIVE PRODUCTS IN THE 19TH CENTURY EUROPEAN TARIFF GROWTH DEBATE

This paper shows the relevance of the strong and changing presence of the so-called fiscal products throughout European trade history, the bigger index number problems in periods and countries with higher levels and shares of manufacture tariffs in total imports and the different association between tariffs and growth according to development heterogeneity and the tariff average used. Evidence showed in this paper appear quite contrary to Bairoch traditional hypothesis on the positive role that protection played to foster Continental Europe industrialization before First War World. Conclusions suggests caution in the use of the conventional average tariffs and advises the estimation of alternative manufacture, agrarian and fiscal tariff average by countries as a necessary contribution for the better defined tariff growth debate.

Did trade policy foster Italian industrialization evidences from the effective production rates 1870-1930

Trade policy, and its effects oftariffs on structural change and industrialization, is arguably the 1110st contentious topic in Italian economic history. However, so far the discussion has relied almost exclusively on few scattered data and anecdotal evidence. This article builds on a comprehensive data-base of nominal and effective protection rates to test the main hypotheses put forward in the literature. We show that there is little evidence of a deliberate strategy to foster industrialization, or of any consisted strategy at aH. So we argue that the actual lay-out of Italian duties was the somewhat haphazard outcome of several causes, notably the need for revenue and the lobbying by sectional interests

¿Por qué fue España un país con alta protección industrial? : evidencias desde la protección efectiva 1870-1930

Este trabajo enmarca la política comercial española en el contexto de la historia de la protección Europea. Su principal objetivo es poner en evidencia las contradicciones del debate historiográfico sobre el nivel y las causas de la protección industrial en la economía española. La nueva evidencia ofrecida por las tasas de protección efectiva en todos los sectores industriales y agrícolas de bienes de importación permite interpretar los tempranos inicios y la larga continuidad de la protección industrial española. Esta evidencia a poya la hipótesis del protagonismo del sector textil y su resistencia a abandonar los privilegios obtenidos como "industrias nacientes", como rasgo estructural del proteccionismo español. Las necesidades fiscales, las negociaciones comerciales internacionales, y sobre todo el ciclo económico explican mejor los cambios y las coyunturas de la historia de la protección en España