Geological applications using geospatial standards : an example from OneGeology-Europe and GeoSciML

GeoSciML has been developed to enable the interchange of geoscience information, principally that portrayed on geological maps as well as boreholes. A GeoSciML testbed was developed both to test the implementation of the data model and its application in web services. The OneGeology-Europe project aims to use the GeoSciML data model, and build on the experience of the GeoSciML testbed, in implementing a geoportal for a harmonised geological map of Europe at 1:1 million scale. This involves the integration of web services from twenty participating organisations. An important objective of OneGeology-Europe is to contribute to INSPIRE, both through the development of a geological data specification and the use of the INSPIRE technical architecture. GeoSciML and the OneGeology-Europe project are also steps towards incorporating geoscience data into a Digital Earth. Both the development of GeoSciML, and the implementation of web services for GeoSciML and OneGeology-Europe, have followed a standards based methodology. The technical architecture comprises a geoportal providing access to a CSW catalogue service for metadata describing both the data and services available. OneGeology-Europe will provide both WMS view and WFS download services, which aim to be compliant with the INSPIRE implementing rules

Les Ensembles Intentionnels Par Les Substitutions Explicites

Introduction Les contraintes ensemblistes apparaissent naturellement dans de nombreux domaines relatifs `a l'informatique. Pour l'analyse de programmes par exemple, o`u l'on raisonne sur les variables consid'er'ees comme ensembles de valeurs possibles, ce qui conduit `a des syst`emes de contraintes d'inclusion ou non inclusion ([9], [10]). En programmation fonctionnelle, certains m'ecanismes de typage utilisent la notion de sous types, et les algorithmes de typage associ'es sont en fait des algorithmes de r'esolution de contraintes ensemblistes ([2]). Enfin un certain nombre de travaux portent sur l'int'egration de la notion d'ensemble en tant que structure native `a l'int'erieur des langages de programmation ([7], [12], [14]), augmentant de ce fait l'expressivit'e du langage sous-jacent. Cependant, la majorit'e des implantations ne traite que d'ensembles finis, c'est `a dire susceptibles d'etre 'enum'er'es finiment. Dans ce cas, une repr'esentation explicite

Picking Up the PiecesHarmonising and Collating Seabed Substrate Data for European Maritime Areas

The poor access to data on the marine environment is a handicap to government decision-making, a barrier to scientific understanding and an obstacle to economic growth. In this light, the European Commission initiated the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) in 2009 to assemble and disseminate hitherto dispersed marine data. In the ten years since then, EMODnet has become a key producer of publicly available, harmonised datasets covering broad areas. This paper describes the methodologies applied in EMODnet Geology project to produce fully populated GIS layers of seabed substrate distribution for the European marine areas. We describe steps involved in translating national seabed substrate data, conforming to various standards, into a uniform EMODnet substrate classification scheme (i.e., the Folk sediment classification). Rock and boulders form an additional substrate class. Seabed substrate data products at scales of 1:250,000 and 1:1 million, compiled using descriptions and analyses of seabed samples as well as interpreted acoustic images, cover about 20% and 65% of the European maritime areas, respectively. A simple confidence assessment, based on sample and acoustic coverage, is helpful in identifying data gaps. The harmonised seabed substrate maps are particularly useful in supraregional, transnational and pan-European marine spatial planning