SmartDED: A Blockchain- and Smart Contract-Based Digital Electronic Detonator Safety Supervision System

Digital electronic detonators, as a civil explosive, are of prime importance for people’s life and property safety in the process of production and operation. Therefore, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China have extremely high requirements for their essential safety. Existing schemes are vulnerable to tampering and single points of failure, which makes tracing unqualified digital electronic detonators difficult and identifying the responsibility for digital electronic detonator accidents hard. This paper presents a digital electronic detonator safety supervision system based on a consortium blockchain. To achieve dynamic supply chain supervision, we propose a novel digital electronic detonator supervision model together with three codes in one. We also propose a blockchain-based system that employs smart contracts to achieve efficient traceability and ensure security. We implemented the proposed model using a consortium blockchain platform and provide the cost. The evaluation results validate that the proposed system is efficient

Anarsia incerta Ueda 1997

4. Anarsia incerta Ueda, 1997 (Figs. 4, 25, 44, 44 a) Anarsia incerta Ueda, 1997: 80; Ponomarenko, 2009: 346. TL: Okinawa, Japan. The holotype in OPUJ. Diagnosis. Adult (Figs. 4, 25): Wingspan, 10.5–11.0 mm. This species is superficially similar to A. isogona Meyrick, but it can be distinguished by the male genitalia: valva with rounded distal margin, strongly curved process in the left valve and a small, gently curved process on the ventral margin of the right valva. The head is grayish white, speckled with brownish gray scales dorsally. The second segment of the labial palpus in male (Fig. 25) has a quadrate scale tuft ventrally, dark fuscous on outer surface, grayish white in upper 1 / 4, and creamy white on inner surface with brownish scales ventrally. The forewing ground color is creamy white to pale grayish white, with brownish scales scattered irregularly; the costal patch is large, subtriangular, dark fuscous, transversally reaching 3 / 5 towards dorsum with lower margin longer than half of the upper margin; and lack of a long hair pencil on the underside of the forewing. Female unknown. Male genitalia (Figs. 44, 44 a): Abdominal sternite VIII slightly concave on caudal margin. Uncus acute apically; socius lobes more or less triangular. Tegumen long, much more exceeding apices of valvae, broad basally, slightly convex beyond middle in lateral margin. Valva asymmetrical: left valva broad, more or less elliptical with rounded distal margin; zone of palmate scales occupying nearly distal 1 / 3 of valva; hook-shaped basal process strongly bent at basal 1 / 4, gradually narrowed to 3 / 4, then curved with acute apex; right valva longer and narrower than left one, broadened beyond 3 / 5, rounded apically, with slightly curved, slender process near base; zone of palmate scales occupying distal 1 / 3. Phallus slender, strongly curved, about 3 / 5 the length of tegumen, apex more or less blunt. Abdominal tergite with pocket-like membranous flap distally. Material examined. VIETNAM: 2 ♂, Vinh Phuc Prov., Tam Dao Nat. Park, 26 iv 2006 (Park, Kim, & Kang), gen. slide no. CIS- 6411, - 6320. Host plant. Schima sp. (Theaceae) (Ueda, 1997). Distribution. Vietnam (new record; Vinh Phuc Prov.), Japan (Ryukyus).Published as part of Bae, Yang-Seop, Shin, Young-Min, Na, Sol-Moon & Park, Kyu-Tek, 2016, The genus Anarsia in Cambodia and the Northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), with descriptions of ten new species and a catalogue of the genus in the Central-East Asia, pp. 227-252 in Zootaxa 4061 (3) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/26696

Anarsia choana Park 1995

13. <i>Anarsia choana</i> Park, 1995 <p>(Figs. 13, 34, 53, 53 a–c)</p> <p> <i>Anarsia choana</i> Park, 1995: 61; Ponomarenko, 2009: 345. TL: Taiwan (Taipei). The holotype in USNM.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Adult (Figs. 13, 34): Wingspan, 11.5 mm. The species is superficially similar to <i>A. patulella</i> (Walker), but can be distinguished from the latter by the forewing: the blackish streak below costal patch in cell poorly developed, the long hair pencil on the underside of forewing absent, and the second segment of labial palpus in male (Fig. 34) greatly elongated anteriorly with long scale tufts. It can also be easily distinguished by the male genitalia with the hook-shaped basal process near the base of the left valva and the short-stalked, palmate-modified scales.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs. 53, 53 a–c): Uncus short, broadened basally, pointed apically; socius ovate. Tegumen longer than valva, slightly narrowed medially. Left valva semiovate, with a long, narrow, strongly curved process basally and a patch of palmately modified scales distally. Right valva slightly elongate, with membranous semiovate lobes on costa medially; patch of modified scales similar to that of left valva. Phallus slender, curved, as long as valva.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> VIETNAM: 1 <i>♂</i>, Bac Khan Prov., Ba Be Nat. Park, 40m, 18 vi 2004 (KT Park & N. Cuong), gen. slide no. CIS-6405; 1 <i>♂</i>, Nhin Binh Prov., Cuc Phuong Nat. Park, 300m, 23 iv 2006 (Park, Kim & Kang), gen. slide no. CIS- 6429. CAMBODIA: 1 <i>♂</i>, Pursat Prov., Samkos, 12o12’ 41’’N, 102o54′37″E, 17 ii 2012 (YS Bae, YD Ju, BS Park), gen. slide no. CIS-6428.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Vietnam (new record; Bac Khan, Nhin Binh Prov.).</p>Published as part of <i>Bae, Yang-Seop, Shin, Young-Min, Na, Sol-Moon & Park, Kyu-Tek, 2016, The genus Anarsia in Cambodia and the Northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), with descriptions of ten new species and a catalogue of the genus in the Central-East Asia, pp. 227-252 in Zootaxa 4061 (3)</i> on page 237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/266968">http://zenodo.org/record/266968</a&gt

Anarsia acerata Meyrick 1913

9. <i>Anarsia acerata</i> Meyrick, 1913, comb. rev. <p>(Figs. 9, 30, 49, 49 a, 63)</p> <p> <i>Anarsia acerata</i> Meyrick, 1913: 169; Meyrick, 1925: 153; Clarke, 1969: 241.</p> <p> <i>Ananarsia acerata</i>; Ponomarenko, 1997: 50, 2009: 339. TL: N. Coorg, India. The type in BMNH. <i>Anarsia idioptila</i> Meyrick, 1916: 582; Meyrick, 1925: 153. TL: India, Bengal, Pusa. The type in BMNH..</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Adult (Figs. 9, 30): Wingspan, 12 mm. The species can be distinguished from its allies by the forewing with indistinctly recognized, small costal patch and the blackish discal streak beneath the costal patch obscure. The forewing has a distinct, blackish subbasal fascia at basal 1/5 on hind margin which is developed to 2/3 the distance across wing from hind margin and a long expansible whitish hair pencil near base on the underside. The anterior expansion on costa of the Hindwing is well developed to 2/3 the length. The male genitalia are characterized by the right valva narrowed before middle, then gradually broadened distally with the zone of the palmate scales occupying distal 1/4; the basal hook in the left valva long and curved beyond 2/3, and the phallus long, more broadly flattened distally. The female is reported for the first time since the species was described.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs. 49, 49 a): Abdominal sternite VIII with round distal margin. Uncus sharply protruded; Socius with dense long hairs laterally. Left valva with nearly parallel margins; basal hook-shaped process strongly bent beyond 2/3, as long as 1/3 the length of valva; costa gently curved near basal 1/4, zone of palmate scales occupying in distal 1/4. Right valva narrowed in basal half, zone of palmate scales occupying in distal 1/4. Phallus slightly S-shaped, broadly flattened distally, as long as 2/3 the length of valva.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 63). Apophyses posteriors slightly longer than papillae anales. Apophyses anteriores not developed. Ostium bursae funnel-shaped, concave in V-shape on caudal margin. Ductus bursae narrow, as long as corpus bursae. Corpus bursae small, elongate; signum absent.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> VIETNAM, 4 <i>♂</i>, 1♀, Bac Khan Prov., Ba Be Nat. Park, 26–28 vii 2006 (Park, Chae, & Cuong), gen. slide no. CIS-6426, -6449(♀); 1 <i>♂</i>, Vin Phu Prov., Tam Dao Nat. Park, 30 vii 2006 (Park, Chae, & Cuong).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India, Vietnam (new record; Bac Khan Prov.).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The male genitalia of the Vietnam specimen look slightly different from the figures illustrated by Clarke (1969: 241, pl. 119, figs. 2, 2a–b): right valva narrowed before middle, then gradually broadened distally with a shorter zone of the palmate scales; basal hook in the left valva slightly longer, and the phallus more broadly flattened distally. However, these differences may not be significant and may be due to differences in orientation or tilting that occurred during the mounting process.</p> <p> <i>Anarsia idioptila</i> Meyrick was described from Pusa, Bengal, based on a single male. The figure of the male genitalia slide BM-8463 has no separable characters from that of <i>A. acerata</i> Meyrick (Clarke 1969: 245, pl. 119, figs. 3, 3a–b), which was described from North Coorg. Thus, <i>A. idioptila</i> was previously synonymized with <i>A. acerata</i>. <i>A. idioptila</i> was taken from <i>Cassia fistula</i> Linn (Clarke 1969).</p>Published as part of <i>Bae, Yang-Seop, Shin, Young-Min, Na, Sol-Moon & Park, Kyu-Tek, 2016, The genus Anarsia in Cambodia and the Northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), with descriptions of ten new species and a catalogue of the genus in the Central-East Asia, pp. 227-252 in Zootaxa 4061 (3)</i> on pages 234-235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/266968">http://zenodo.org/record/266968</a&gt

Anarsia houhunlii Park, sp. nov.

19. <i>Anarsia houhunlii</i> Park, sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 19, 40, 59, 59 a–c)</p> <p> Holotype: <i>♂</i>, CAMBODIA, Samkos, 12o12′40″N, 102o52′13″E, 23 xii 2014 (Bae <i>et al.</i>), gen slide no, CIS-6436. Paratype: 1 <i>♂</i>, Kep, 10o29′5″N, 104o18′13″E, 13 i 2013 (Bae, Ju, Park & Lee).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is characterized by having a large, oblique blackish blotch medially and a long expansible hair pencil near base on the underside of forewing, the hindwing with broadly expanded costal margin from base to beyond middle. The species is superficially similar to <i>A. eximia</i> Li & Zheng, which was described from Shaanxi, China, but it can be distinguished by the larger size, the obliquely elongated blackish blotch of the forewing, instead of the rather small oblong blotch in <i>A. eximia</i>. The left valva of the male genitalia is similar to that of <i>A. eximia</i>, but the right valva differ by having sclerotized process at 1/3 on ventral margin.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Adult: Male (Figs. 19, 40). Wingspan, 16.0–16.5 mm. Head grayish brown, speckled with dark brown scales dorsally. Antenna with dark brown annulations on flagellum. Second segment of labial palpus in male (Fig. 40) nearly quadrate, porrect anteriorly, with a long scale tuft ventrally, densely speckled with blackish scales on outer surface, pale brownish along dorsal margin; third segment reduced in male. Mid-leg clothed with blackish scales; tarsi with a yellowish white ring apically on each segment. Hind tibia yellowish white on outer surface, with yellowish white long hairs dorsally; spurs blackish. Forewing elongate; costa nearly straight beyond 1/4, then oblique beyond 3/4, median costal patch indistinct, narrow, elongate from before middle to 3/4; ground color grayish brown, densely and evenly covered with brownish scales; a large blackish blotch obliquely presented in middle; apex more or less obtuse; termen oblique; fringe concolorous with ground color; a long, fuscous hair pencil near base on underside. Hindwing grayish white, hyaline medially before middle, brownish scales scattered inner side of hind margin; costa broadly expanded along margin from base to beyond middle. Female unknown.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs. 59, 59 a–c). Abdominal sternite VIII with a pair of short processes medially on caudal margin. Uncus small; socius kidney-shaped, with long hairs laterally. Tegumen long, narrow, longer than valva, slightly angled near 2/3 and preapically on lateral margins. Valvae asymmetrical; left valva oval, large; costal and ventral margins arched, narrowly rounded apically, with palmately modified scales apically; sclerotized basal process less than 2/5 the length of valva, with a small digitate basal process; right valve narrow, elongate, with a similar zone of palmately modified scales apically and with a short, sclerotized digitate process at 1/3 on ventral margin. Phallus as long as left valva, slightly curved; apex obtuse.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Cambodia (Samkos, Kep).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name is named in honor of Prof. Houhun Li, a leading Chinese specialist in the study of Microlepidoptera.</p>Published as part of <i>Bae, Yang-Seop, Shin, Young-Min, Na, Sol-Moon & Park, Kyu-Tek, 2016, The genus Anarsia in Cambodia and the Northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), with descriptions of ten new species and a catalogue of the genus in the Central-East Asia, pp. 227-252 in Zootaxa 4061 (3)</i> on page 240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/266968">http://zenodo.org/record/266968</a&gt

Anarsia pusillidia Park

17. Anarsia pusillidia Park, sp, nov. (Figs. 17, 38, 57, 57 a) Holotype: ♂, VIETNAM, Ninh Vinh Prov., Cuc Phuong Nat. Park, 200 m, 23 iv 2006 (Park, Kim & Kang), gen. slide no. CIS- 6467. Paratype: 1 ♂, same data as the holotype. Diagnosis. This new species is superficially similar to A. didymopa Meyrick and A. patulella (Walker), but it can be distinguished by the smaller size, the blackish streak in the discal cell absent, and the male genitalia with longer, hook-shaped basal process. Description. Adult: Male (Figs. 17, 38). Wingspan, 8.5 mm. Head grayish white. Flagellum of antenna with distinct brownish annulations. Second segment of labial palpus in male (Fig. 38) subtriangular, with scale tuft antero-vetrally, as long as width of head, covered with dark brown scales on lower 3 / 5 and creamy white scales on upper 2 / 5 on outer surface. Tegula same in color as dorsal surface of head, with blackish scales along anterior margin. Thorax same in color as tegula. Hind tibia with orange white hair-like scales dorsally. Forewing elongate; ground color grayish white, densely scattered with dark brown scales throughout; costa slightly straight before 3 / 4, with a short black streak at base, costal patch crescent, short, occupying about 1 / 10 of costa, preceded by two small, dark brown spots, and followed by pale orange streak along margin before 4 / 5 of costa,; a long hair pencil near base on the underside of forewing absent; apex acute; termen oblique, with blackish scales along margin; fringe grayish with pale orange basal line. Hindwing grayish white, hyaline in basal half, brownish along veins; broad anterior expansion on costa extended to middle, gently oblique; apex acute. Female unknown. Male genitalia (Figs. 57, 57 a): Uncus long, slender, strongly curved preapically; socius small. Tegumen broad, slightly convex beyond middle, as long as valva. Left valva with a long, arched, hook-shaped process basally, nearly half length of right valve, strongly convex medially on dorsal margin, palmately-modified scales with long stalk; right valve narrower than left one. Phallus short, slender, heavily sclerotized, as long as basal process of left valva. Distribution. Vietnam (Nhin Binh Prov.). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin, pusill (= small) with a Latin diminutive suffix, idius, referring to the small size of the moth.Published as part of Bae, Yang-Seop, Shin, Young-Min, Na, Sol-Moon & Park, Kyu-Tek, 2016, The genus Anarsia in Cambodia and the Northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), with descriptions of ten new species and a catalogue of the genus in the Central-East Asia, pp. 227-252 in Zootaxa 4061 (3) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/26696

Anarsia isogona Meyrick 1913

2. Anarsia isogona Meyrick, 1913, comb. rev. (Figs. 2, 23, 42, 42 a–b) Anarsia isogona Meyrick, 1913: 169; Meyrick, 1925: 153; Caradja & Meyrick, 1935: 69; Clark, 1969: 245; Park, 1995: 60; Ueda, 1997: 79. Ananarsia isogona; Ponomarenko, 1997: 52, 2009: 341. TL: India, Nilgiris. The holotype in BMNH. Diagnosis. Adult (Figs. 2, 23): Wingspan, 10.5–11.0 mm. The species is superficially similar to the following species, A. paraisogona Park & Ponomarenko, 1995, with the elongated forewing and having a large subtriangular costal patch medially, but can be distinguished by the lack of a long hair pencil on the underside of the forewing. The hindwing is grayish with the anterior expansion developed to beyond middle, and the venation with M 2 close to M 3 basally, M 3 and CuA 1 connate and with acute apex. The male genitalia also have quite different characteristics: such as different shapes of valvae, especially the long-stalked, palmately modified scales Male genitalia (Figs. 42, 42 a): Abdominal sternite VIII rounded on caudal margin, with long hair pencils laterally. Uncus rather short; socius semiovate. Tegumen about as long as valva, slightly expanded laterally beyond middle. Left valve broad in basal 3 / 5, outer margin abruptly truncated, then very narrowed, tapered; basal process slender, curved, tapered, acute apically; patch of long-stalked palmately modified scales occupying in distal half. Right valve more or less similar to left one, but ventral margin gently rounded, with a very small basal process. Phallus slender, tapered, about 2 / 3 the length of left valva. Material examined. VIETNAM: 1 ♂, Vinh Phuc Prov., Tam Dao Nat. Park, 750m, 30 vii 2006 (Park, Chae, & Cuong), gen. slide no. CIS- 6434; 1 ♂, same locality, 450 m, 15 viii 2006 (KT Park, MY Kim, & MY Chae). Host plant. Schima sp. (Theaceae) (Sakamaki, 2013). Distribution. India, China (Taiwan: Taoyuan Co.) Vietnam (new record; Vinh Phuc Prov.), Japan. Remarks. Slight morphological differences in male genitalia are found between Taiwan (Fig. 42 b) and Japan specimens: Vietnam specimen has the ventral margin of valva strongly angled beyond middle and the abdominal sternite VIII rounded on caudal margin, not concave at middle. The Vietnam specimens are tentatively treated as conspecific in this paper. However, these differences should be re-examined in detail when additional material is available.Published as part of Bae, Yang-Seop, Shin, Young-Min, Na, Sol-Moon & Park, Kyu-Tek, 2016, The genus Anarsia in Cambodia and the Northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), with descriptions of ten new species and a catalogue of the genus in the Central-East Asia, pp. 227-252 in Zootaxa 4061 (3) on page 230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/26696

Genus Stathmopoda Herrich-Shäffer (Lepidoptera, Stathmopodidae) from the Korean Peninsula with two new species

A total of 13 species of the genus Stathmopoda (Lepidoptera, Stathmopodidae) are reviewed from the Korean Peninsula including two new species, Stathmopoda baegunica Park & Kim sp. nov. and S. euryzoister Park & Kim sp. nov., and five newly recorded species, S. commoda Meyrick, S. neohexatyla Li & Wang, S. pedella (Linnaeus), S. persona Terada, and S. moriutiella Kasy. Among them, Stathmopoda pullicuneata Terada, 2014, syn. nov. is synonymized with S. neohexatyla Li & Wang, 2002. Illustrations of the adults and genitalia and diagnoses or descriptions for all the species are provided with available host plant information

Anarsia gryphodes Park, sp. nov.

10. Anarsia gryphodes Park, sp. nov. (Figs. 10, 31, 50, 50 a) Holotype: ♂, CAMBODIA, Kep, 34 o 16 ′41.50″ N 129 o 24 ′ 96.03″E, 11 xi 2015 (YS Bae et al.), gen slide no. CIS- 6438. Paratype, 1 ♀ (abdomen missing), same data as the holotype. Diagnosis. This new species is superficially similar to the following new species, A. campestra sp. nov. in forewing pattern, with a similar costal patch and a blackish streak in discal cell, but can be easily distinguished by the hindwing with the anterior expansion extended to 3 / 5 the length of costa and the rather different shape of the male genitalia as described in the following description of the species. Description. Adult: Male (Figs. 10, 10 a, 31). Wingspan, 12.0–12.5 mm. Head creamy to orange white. Flagellum of antenna with indistinct brownish annulations. Second segment of labial palpus in male (Fig. 31) elongate, triangular, with a long, porrect scale tuft anteriorly, densely covered with blackish scales on outer surface, with creamy white scales along upper margin, creamy white on inner surface. Tegula same in color as dorsal surface of head, with blackish scales along anterior margin. Thorax same in color as dorsal surface of head. Hind tibia slender, shiny whitish, speckled with brownish scales on outer surface, without hair-like scales dorsally. Forewing elongate; ground color creamy to orange white, mottled with brownish scales; costa slightly convex medially, with a short blackish streak at base, costal patch rather small, subtriangular, occupying about 1 / 8 of costa and reaching 1 / 4 the distance across wing, with two small dark brownish marks before and beyond costal patch respectively; a blackish oblique streak beyond middle of cell, as long as costal patch; a long hair pencil near base on the underside of forewing well-developed, whitish; apex more or less obtuse; termen oblique; fringe concolorous with ground color of wing. Hindwing grayish white, hyaline, brownish along veins; broad anterior expansion on costa extended to 2 / 3, then abruptly cut down; apex more or less obtuse. Male genitalia (Figs. 50, 50 a). Abdominal sternite VIII emarginated on caudal margin medially. Uncus short, acute apically; Socius large, semiovate, longer then uncus. Tegumen moderately wide, with nearly parallel lateral sides, slightly broadened apically. Left valva elongate; basal process as long as valva, strongly bent near 2 / 5, then narrowed, slightly curved beyond middle, acute apically; patch of scales occupying in distal 1 / 3, scales simple, not palmately modified. Left valva more or less slender, with a similar scale patch as in left valva. Phallus slender, tapered, acute apically, about 2 / 3 the length of valva. Distribution. Cambodia (Kep). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Greek, grypho (= hooked) and the Greek suffix, odes denoting resemblance.Published as part of Bae, Yang-Seop, Shin, Young-Min, Na, Sol-Moon & Park, Kyu-Tek, 2016, The genus Anarsia in Cambodia and the Northern Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), with descriptions of ten new species and a catalogue of the genus in the Central-East Asia, pp. 227-252 in Zootaxa 4061 (3) on page 235, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/26696