Risk Factors of Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: To determine risk factors of infection in total knee arthroplastyMethods: In this descriptive study all patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were included. Patients were followed post-operatively at 2,4,8,12 and 24 weeks. Signs of inflammation and inflammatory markers such as total leukocyte count (TLC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ESR were measured. Risk factors like age, body mass index (BMI), ASA, co-morbid conditions were also noted.Results: Out of the 78 patients osteoarthritis (94.87%) was the pre-dominant cause of total knee replacement (TKR). 6.41% cases got infected. In majority of the infected cases (60%), Staphylococcus aureus was the infective organism. Diabetes Mellitus (p=0.01) and Obesity (p=0.02) had a significant relation to post-operative infection.Conclusion: Pre-operative risk evaluation and prevention strategies along with early recognition of infection and control can greatly reduce the risk of joint infection post-TKR which will not only improve the mobility of patient but also its morbidity and mortality as wel

Feeding Ecology of Reintroduced Blackbucks in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur

The study was conducted in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur, in June 2021. This study aimed to explore the food habits and dry matter intake of reintroduced blackbuck in Lal Suhanra. The critical methods employed in this study were the direct observation of food, bite rate, and fecal output of blackbuck aided with binoculars (8 × 50). A total of 3840 bites in the RD 65 enclosure and 3929 edges in the RD 65 enclosure were recorded, accounting for the average bite rates of 43.5 bites/min in RD 25 and 44.03 bites/min in RD 65. The average dry weight of the bite was 0.067 g in the enclosure RD 25 and 0.081g in RD 65. Total dry matter intake for an adult blackbuck was 1.07 kg/day in RD 25 and 1.09 kg/day in RD 65. The average daily defecation rate was 7.34 times and 7.89 times in both enclosures. Daily fecal output in average dry weight was 362g for RD 25 and 340 g for RD 65. Dry matter digestibility was, on average, 66.32 % for RD 25 and 68.97 % for RD 65. The blackbuck at RD 65 are more healthy, with a high birth rate and less mortality. The blackbuck preferred 8 plant species and 10 plant species for feeding at RD 25 and RD 65 respectively. For their long-term survival in LSNP, control of diseases, cultivation of seasonal food, plantation of edible plants, habitat extension, and proper management should be considered

A prototype of an energy-efficient MAGLEV train : a step towards cleaner train transport

The magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) train uses magnetic field to suspend, guide, and propel vehicle onto the track. The MAGLEV train provides a sustainable and cleaner solution for train transportation by significantly reducing the energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions as compared to traditional train transportation systems. In this paper, we propose an advanced control mechanism using an Arduino microcontroller that selectively energizes the electromagnets in a MAGLEV train system to provide dynamic stability and energy efficiency. We also design the prototype of an energy-efficient MAGLEV train that leverages our proposed control mechanism. In our MAGLEV train prototype, the levitation is achieved by creating a repulsive magnetic field between the train and the track using magnets mounted on the top-side of the track and bottom-side of the vehicle. The propulsion is performed by creating a repulsive magnetic field between the permanent magnets attached on the sides of the vehicle and electromagnets mounted at the center of the track using electrodynamic suspension (EDS). The electromagnets are energized via a control mechanism that is applied through an Arduino microcontroller. The Arduino microcontroller is programmed in such a way to propel and guide the vehicle onto the track by appropriate switching of the electromagnets. We use an infrared-based remote-control device for controlling the power, speed, and direction of the vehicle in both the forward and the backward direction. The proposed MAGLEV train control mechanism is novel, and according to the best of our knowledge is the first study of its kind that uses an Arduino-based microcontroller system for control mechanism. Experimental results illustrate that the designed prototype consumes only 144 W-hour (Wh) of energy as compared to a conventionally designed MAGLEV train prototype that consumes 1200 Wh. Results reveal that our proposed control mechanism and prototype model can reduce the total power consumption by 8.3 x as compared to the traditional MAGLEV train prototype, and can be applied to practical MAGLEV trains with necessary modifications. Thus, our proposed prototype and control mechanism serves as a first step towards cleaner engineering of train transportation systems

Interactive Influence of Nutrient Density and Feeding Pattern on Production Performance of Broiler Breeders

Background: In addition to energy and protein, the minerals also play a vital role in the production performance of birds. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of high energy feed and separate calcium feeding on feed cleanup time and production parameters in broiler breeder pullets. Methods: Nine hundred female birds of the same age (26 week) were divided in nine groups having one hundred birds in each group.  Three different dietary treatments were offered. The group A, B and C were given feeds having 2750, 2900, 2950 Kcal ME / kg and 14.5%, 15%, 15.5% CP respectively along with 165, 155 and 150 grams peak feed allowance at 60 % production.  The second and third groups were given 10 g separate calcium source in the evening.  The experiment continued for a period of twelve weeks.Results: The feed intake was significantly lower in group C as compared to A and B. A significantly lower feed cleanup time and higher hatchability percentage was observed in group B compared to groups A and C. The FCR eggs was significantly lower for groups B and C compared to group A.  The FCR chicks was significantly lower in group B and C compared to group A.  The cost of feed to produce chicks was significantly lower for group B compared to group A and C. Feed consumed to produce one chick was higher for group A compared to groups B and C.  The feed cost to produce one chick was highest for group A and lowest for group B.Conclusion: These results suggested that feed B has lowest feed consumption, cost to produce one chick and feed cleanup time while highest hatchability hence it can be used in the broiler breeder industry to decrease the cost of production and increase profitability

Knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene management among women living in a low-income neighbourhood, Karachi, Pakistan

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the degree of awareness and practice of proper menstrual hygiene management among women living in low-income neighbourhood in Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bizerta Lines, Karachi between January and June 2019. All women of reproductive age were included in the study. Amenorrheic, menopausal, or women on birth control were excluded from the study. Degree of awareness and current practices pertaining to menstrual hygiene management were assessed through pro-forma. The study tool collected the participant’s knowledge, awareness, and misconceptions about menstruation. The factors affecting the quality of life during menstruation of women living in poor socio-economic conditions were also observed. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.23) was used to analyze the collected data.Results: Of the 338 participants, 82.5% had no knowledge of menstruation prior to their first menstrual period. Only a minority of the women knew that the source of menstrual blood was the uterus while 41.4% of the women incorrectly claimed that the menstrual blood and urine were expelled from the same orifice. More than half of the participants used disposable sanitary napkins (55.5%). 65% of the participants changed the absorbent at least 1 to 3 times a day.Conclusions: Most of the participants used disposable sanitary napkins. However, the basic knowledge of female anatomy and physiology behind menstruation was poor among women

Sonographic Evaluation of Cholelithiasis and Its Correlation with Normal/Fatty Liver

Cholelithiasis and Fatty Liver disease are usually observed to coexist. Patients who have gallstones also have Fatty Liver as both of the conditions have same associated risk factors I.e., diabetes mellitus, gender, age, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and high lipids level. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is also an independent accountable risk factor for the formation of gallstones. We aimed to determine whether there is any correlation between cholelithiasis and fatty liver disease. The study was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The data was collected from March 24,2021 to May 24,2021. Informed consent was taken from all the participants. We did a cohort study comprising the data of 51 patients undergoing physical checkup. The data gathered included age, gender and whether they had normal or fatty liver. Cholelithiasis was diagnosed by confirming the presence of gallstones on abdominal ultrasonography after fasting for approximately 8hrs. it was an observational study for the assessment of correlation between cholelithiasis and fatty liver in the participants. A Total of 51 patients with cholelithiasis were included in our study. Most of the patients were 29 to 70 years of age. The average age of the patients was 42.3 ± 10.1 years. Out of 51 patients, there were 60.8% (P=31) females and 39.2%(P=20) males. Out of 51 cholelithiasis patients there were 31.4%(P=16) had Normal Liver and 68.6%(P=35) were positive with Fatty liver disease. Patients with stone size ranges from 1.90mm to 4.6mm hade Grade 1 Fatty liver as shown in table-5.4, Grade 2 Fatty liver was seen in patients with stone size ranges from 4.5mm to 5.8mm. Fatty liver Grade 3 was not observed in any included patient with cholelithiasis. Results of our study showed that both cholelithiasis and Fatty Liver disease are correlated with each other. Females are at higher risk to be affected by these with diseases. Early detection of Fatty liver in patients of cholelithiasis can help patients to prevent them further complications regarded to fatty liver and cholelithiasis and can play important role in health care of society. Keywords: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cholelithiasis, Fatty liver, Ultrasonography. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/91-07 Publication date:July 31st 202

Revamping of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) endure an asymmetrically high burden of worldwide disease and death caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), i.e., asthma, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD). CRDs are firmly related with indigence, infectious diseases, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and add to complex multi-disease with great impact on the lives and livelihood of those affected. The pertinence of CRDs to health and demographic wellbeing is relied upon to increment in the long time ahead, as expectations of life rise and the contending dangers of right on time youth mortality and irresistible infections level. The WHO has distinguished the counteraction and control of NCDs as an earnest improvement issue and crucial for the sustainable development goals (SDSs) by 2030. In this review, we center on CRDs in LMICs. We examine the early life roots of CRDs, challenges in their avoidance, identification and administration in LMICs, and the pathways to resolve for accomplish valid widespread wellbeing inclusion

Teledentistry in the Recovery Phase of Covid-19: Is it a Reasonable Option for Developing Countries?

Dear Editor, Telehealth as described by the World Health Organization (WHO) is delivering healthcare to a patient by a doctor using media devices when both are far away from each other. Telemedicine has been discussed as a modality to provide better access to health from the early 1990s 1 . The recent outbreak of Covid-19 has made this modality a good alternative keeping in mind the comfort and safety of the patient. It has also made it a much more common practice. Recent research has supported the notion that both the service providers and users are highly satisfied by this modality. Teledentistry does not contribute to the progress of disease and is much more cost-effective 2 . According to a study by Greenhalgh et al., that online video consultation was better suited to people with chronic ailments but surprisingly they played a pivotal role in managing acute conditions also in this Covid-19 pandemic 3 . Teledentistry has become an integral part of the healthcare system of developed countries such as Australia and the United State

Numerical investigation of MHD flow with Soret and Dufour effect

This paper describes the flow due to an exponentially curved surface subject to Soret and Dufour effects. Nonlinear velocity is considered. Exponentially curved stretchable sheet induced the flow. Fluid is electrical conducting through constant applied magnetic field. The governing flow expressions are reduced to ordinary ones and then tackled by numerical technique (Built-in-Shooting). Impacts of various flow variables on the dimensionless velocity, concentration and temperature fields are graphically presented and discussed in detail. Skin friction coefficient and Sherwood and Nusselt numbers are studied through graphs. Furthermore it is observed that Soret and Dufour variables regulate heat and mass transfer rates. It is also noteworthy that velocity decays for higher magnetic variable. Skin friction magnitude decays via curvature and magnetic variables. Also mass transfer gradient or rate of mass transport enhances for higher estimations of curvature parameter and Schmidt number. Keywords: Soret and Dufour effects, MHD, Exponential curved stretching sheet, Viscous flui