The Role of Organizational Competences in the Evolution of Business Models

International audienceThis paper presents the use of a conceptual framework designed for the management of organizational competences to contribute to the evolution of the business model of an enterprise. The framework, developed based on a detailed review of the history of the car manufacturer Toyota, was used for a Delphi study and an action-research applied in the furniture industry. The results suggest that it is applicable for ex-post analysis of organizational changes, as well as a strategy planning tool

The Problem of Patent Thickets in Convergent Technologies

Patent thickets are unintentionally dense webs of overlapping intellectual property rights owned by different companies that can retard progress. This article begins with a review of existing research on patent thickets, focusing in particular on the problem of patent thickets in nanotechnology, or nanothickets. After presenting visual evidence of the presence of nanothickets using a network analytic technique, it discusses potential organizational responses to patent thickets. It then reviews the existing research on patent pools and discusses pool formation in the shadow of antitrust enforcement. Based on recent research on patent pool formation, it examines the divergent fate of two recent pools and discusses the prospects for the future formation of nanotechnology patent pools, or nanopools.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72678/1/annals.1382.014.pd

ESAO: A holistic Ecosystem-Driven Analysis Model

The growing importance of software ecosystems and open innovation requires that companies become more intentional about aligning their internal strategy, architecture and organizing efforts with the ecosystem that the company is part of. Few models exist that facilitate analysis and improvement of this alignment. In this paper, we present the ESAO model and describe its six main components. Organizations and researchers can use the model to analyze the alignment between the different parts of their business, technologies and ways of working, internally and in the ecosystem. The model is illustrated and validated through the use of three case studies

Entrepreneurial Value Creation in the Cloud: Exploring the Value Dimensions of the Business Model

Part 5: Research in ProgressInternational audienceCloud computing’s potential in creating and capturing business value is being increasingly acknowledged. Existing empirical studies of business value in cloud computing have focused on user organizations and large enterprises with legacy systems. Acknowledging the innovation opportunities created by cloud, we study entrepreneurial cloud service providers. In this paper we conduct an exploratory study of six cloud-based start-up firms in India. We examine the value dimensions of the business model concept to study entrepreneurial value creation in the cloud. We find that cloud is a key resource in the structural configuration of their business model and enables the value proposition

The Japanese model in retrospective : industrial strategies, corporate Japan and the 'hollowing out' of Japanese industry

This article provides a retrospective look at the Japanese model of industrial development. This model combined an institutional approach to production based around the Japanese Firm (Aoki's, J-mode) and strategic state intervention in industry by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). For a long period, the alignment of state and corporate interests appeared to match the wider public interest as the Japanese economy prospered. However, since the early 1990s, the global ambitions of the corporate sector have contributed to a significant 'hollowing out' of Japan's industrial base. As the world today looks for a new direction in economic management, we suggest the Japanese model provides policy-makers with a salutary lesson in tying the wider public interest with those of the corporate sector

The Business Model: Recent Developments and Future Research

This article provides a broad and multifaceted review of the received literature on business models in which the authors examine the business model concept through multiple subject-matter lenses. The review reveals that scholars do not agree on what a business model is and that the literature is developing largely in silos, according to the phenomena of interest of the respective researchers. However, the authors also found emerging common themes among scholars of business models. Specifically, (1) the business model is emerging as a new unit of analysis; (2) business models emphasize a system-level, holistic approach to explaining how firms “do business”; (3) firm activities play an important role in the various conceptualizations of business models that have been proposed; and (4) business models seek to explain how value is created, not just how it is captured. These emerging themes could serve as catalysts for a more unified study of business models

Modélisation de paroi et injection de turbulence pariétale pour la Simulation des Grandes Echelles des écoulements aérothermiques

Lors du développement d un nouvel avion, l estimation des échanges d énergie entre l air ambiant et les parois est une donnée cruciale pour la conception aérothermique. Cette conception repose de plus en plus sur des simulations numériques mais certains phénomènes d aérothermique externe, comme le jet débouchant du système de dégivrage des nacelles moteur, montrent les limites des modèles RANS classiques. La simulation des grandes échelles (LES) se révèle bien adaptée à ce type de phénomène mais se heurte à un coût de calcul extrêmement élevé pour ces écoulements pariétaux à très grand nombre de Reynolds. Pour lever cette limitation, cette thèse propose l étude de deux briques fondamentales : la LES avec loi de paroi (WMLES) conjuguée à l injection d une couche limite turbulente à l entrée du domaine. Pour une meilleure compréhension et une utilisation fiable de l approche loi de paroi, on se concentre tout d abord sur les sources d erreur qui lui sont associées. Après les avoir identifiées, on propose une correction de l erreur de sous-maille ainsi qu une loi de paroi adaptée aux écoulements compressibles. Grâce à ces deux éléments, on obtient une estimation correcte du flux de chaleur pariétal sur des simulations WMLES de canal plan supersonique sur parois froides. Puis, pour préparer la transition vers des applications plus industrielles, on introduit un schéma numérique plus dissipatif ce qui nous permet d étudier l influence de la méthode numérique sur l approche loi de paroi. Dans une seconde partie dédiée à l injection de couche limite pour la WMLES, on sélectionne une méthode basée sur l injection de perturbations combinée à un terme de contrôle volumique. On montre que des simulations WMLES utilisant cette méthode d injection permettent d établir une couche limite turbulente réaliste à une courte distance en aval du plan d entrée, à la fois sur une plaque plane mais également sur un écoulement de jet débouchant à la géométrie plus complexe, représentative d un cas avion.During the design of a new aircraft, the prediction of energy exchanged between the ambient air and the aircraft walls is crucial regarding aerothermal design. Numerical simulations plays a role of increasing importance in this design. However classical RANS models reach their limits on some external aerothermal flows, like the jet-in-cross-flow from the anti-icing system oh the engine nacelles. The large eddy simulation (LES) is well suited to this kind of flow but faces an extremely large computational cost for such high Reynolds number wall-bounded flows. To remove this limitation, we propose two building blocks: the Wall Modeled LES (WMLES) combined with a turbulent inflow generation. For a better understanding and a reliable use of the WMLES, we first focus on the sources of error related to this approach. We propose a correction to the subgrid-scale error as well as a wall model suitable for compressible and anisothermal flows. Thanks to these two elements, we correctly predict the wall heat flux in WMLES computations of a supersonic isothermal-wall channel flow. Then, to allow the computation of more industrial flows, we introduce some numerical dissipation and study its effect on the wall modeling approach. The last part is dedicated to turbulent inflow generation for WMLES. We select a method based on synthetic perturbation combined with a dynamic control term. We validate this method on WMLES computations of a flat plate turbulent boundary layer and a hot jet-in-cross-flow representative of an industrial configuration. In both cases, we show that a realistic turbulent boundary layer is generated at a small distance downstream from the inlet plane.TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF