Graphics for mean serum and fecal PAP/Reg3β, CRP and calprotectin levels in CD patients at disease relapse and 3 months before the diagnosis of disease activity.

<p>In the table, mean values and standard error of the mean of serum and fecal PAP/Reg3β (ng/ml in serum and ng/mg in stool), CRP (mg/dL) and calprotectin (ng/mg) in CD patients in remission, flare and 3 months before the episode of disease activity.</p

Remission rates in CD (n = 62) and UC (n = 67) patients over the 12-month period of follow-up.

<p>17 out of the 67 UC patients (25%) who completed the follow-up had disease activity with a mean pMS score of 8. In the CD leg, 7 out of the 62 patients (11%) had clinical disease activity with a mean HB index of 6.</p

Main characteristics of CD and UC patients.

<p>Categorical variables are represented as frequencies (percentages) and continuous variables are represented as median and inter-quartile range.</p

Graphics representing the mean serum and fecal PAP/Reg3β and calprotectin levels at different time points over time in UC and CD patients in remission.

<p>Graphics representing the mean serum and fecal PAP/Reg3β and calprotectin levels at different time points over time in UC and CD patients in remission.</p

Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to predict inflammatory bowel disease relapse using serum PAP/Reg3β determination in CD, UC and in the combined group of IBD subjects.

<p>Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to predict inflammatory bowel disease relapse using serum PAP/Reg3β determination in CD, UC and in the combined group of IBD subjects.</p

Graphics for mean serum and fecal PAP/Reg3β, CRP and calprotectin levels in UC patients at disease relapse and 3 months before the diagnosis of disease activity.

<p>In the table, mean values and standard error of the mean of serum and fecal PAP/Reg3β (ng/ml in serum and ng/mg in stool), CRP (mg/dL) and calprotectin (ng/mg) in UC patients in remission, flare and 3 months before the episode of disease activity.</p

Additional file 1: of Tryptophan catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and potential for inter-kingdom relationship

Metabolites produced by the Pa kynurenine pathway of a clinical strain. 1. Tryptophan (A), kynurenine (B), kynurenic acid (C), anthranilate (D), and 3-0H-kynurenine (E) concentrations in growth medium supernatants of a clinical strain as determined by UPLC-MS-MS. All data from one experiment in duplicate (PPTX 164 kb

Antiadhesive Properties of Glycoclusters against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Lung Infection

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> lung infections are a major cause of death in cystic fibrosis and hospitalized patients. Treating these infections is becoming difficult due to the emergence of conventional antimicrobial multiresistance. While monosaccharides have proved beneficial against such bacterial lung infection, the design of several multivalent glycosylated macromolecules has been shown to be also beneficial on biofilm dispersion. In this study, calix[4]­arene-based glycoclusters functionalized with galactosides or fucosides have been synthesized. The characterization of their inhibitory properties on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> aggregation, biofilm formation, adhesion on epithelial cells, and destruction of alveolar tissues were performed. The antiadhesive properties of the designed glycoclusters were demonstrated through several in vitro bioassays. An in vivo mouse model of lung infection provided an almost complete protection against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> with the designed glycoclusters