Association of elevated preoperative blood pressure with preincision hypotension in pediatric surgical patients

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122417/1/pan12945_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122417/2/pan12945.pd

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) rate of women employees of education organization about breast self-examination, Shahrekord, 1998

سرطان پستان شایع ترین سرطان عضوی زنان است و بهترین راه حل مبارزه با آن شناخت به موقع و سریع می باشد که منجر به درمان 90 آنان و کاهش مرگ و میر ناشی از سرطان پستان به میزان 30 می گردد. مناسب ترین و موثرترین روش غربالگری سرطان پستان، خودآزمایی پستان می باشد. هدف این مطالعه، تعیین وضعیت آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد زنان شاغل در آموزش و پرورش شهر شهرکرد در زمینه خودآزمایی پستان بود. در یک بررسی توصیفی تحلیلی 340 نفر از زنان شاغل در آموزش و پرورش شهر شهرکرد به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای انتخاب گردیده و مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. پرسشنامه بکار رفته شامل سوالاتی در زمینه ویژگی های دموگرافیک و نیز آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد آنان در زمینه خودآزمایی پستان بود. اعتبار این پرسشنامه قبل از انجام مطالعه تعیین گردید (بیش از 85). برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون های آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و دوطرفه استفاده گردید. از نظر سابقه فامیلی سرطان 14 و از نظر سابقه شخصی سرطان 89 سابقه مثبت داشتند. از نظر آگاهی 8.24 ضعیف و 17 آگاهی خوب داشتند که با وضع تاهل، تحصیلات، سابقه فامیلی و سابقه شخصی سرطان اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده گردید. در مورد نگرش، 10.95 ضعیف و 13.53 خوب بود که بجز وضع تاهل با تحصیلات، سابقه شخصی و سابقه فامیلی سرطان اختلاف معنی دار آماری داشت. از نظر عملکرد، 61.17 ضعیف و فقط 4.41 خوب بود که بجز وضع تاهل با تحصیلات، سابقه شخصی و سابقه فامیلی سرطان تفاوت معنی داری داشت. آزمون آنالیز واریانس چند طرفه نشان داد که مهمترین عوامل موثر بر آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد زنان عبارتند از: سابقه شخصی سرطان و سابقه فامیلی سرطان. آگاهی و نگرش اکثر زنان تحت مطالعه در سطح متوسط و خوب بود ولی از نظر عملکرد در سطح پایینی قرار داشتند که عوامل اجتماعی متعددی چون، عدم اعتقاد به اهمیت موضوع، خجالت کشیدن، آشنا نبودن به روش انجام معاینه و غیره را می توان مدنظر قرار داد

Kernel smoothing for ROC curve and estimation for thyroid stimulating hormone

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves are frequently used in biomedical informatics research to evaluate classification and prediction models to support decision, diagnosis, and prognosis. ROC analysis investigates the accuracy of models and has ability to separate positive from negative cases. It is especially useful in evaluating predictive models and compare to other tests which produce output values in a continuous range. Empirical ROC curve is jagged but a true ROC curve is smooth. For this purpose kernel smoothing were used. The Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) frequently is used as a measure of the effectiveness of diagnostic markers. In this study we compare estimation of this area based on normal assumptions and kernel smoothing. This study used measurements of TSH from patients and non-diseased people of congenital hypothyroidism screening in Isfahan province. Using the method, TSH ROC curves from Isfahani's infants were fitted. For evaluating of accuracy of this test, AUC and its standard error calculated. Also effectiveness of the kernel methods in comparison to other methods showed

Awareness Levels about Breast Cancer Risk Factors, Early Warning Signs, and Screening and Therapeutic Approaches among Iranian Adult Women: A large Population Based Study Using Latent Class Analysis

Background and Objective. Breast cancer (BC) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women throughout the world and in Iran. Lack of awareness and early detection program in developing country is a main reason for escalating the mortality. The present research was conducted to assess the Iranian women’s level of knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, early warning signs, and therapeutic and screening approaches, and their correlated determinants. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, 2250 women before participating at a community based screening and public educational program in an institute of cancer research in Isfahan, Iran, in 2012 were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire about risk factors, early warning signs, and therapeutic and screening approaches of BC. Latent class regression as a comprehensive statistical method was used for evaluating the level of knowledge and its correlated determinants. Results. Only 33.2%, 31.9%, 26.7%, and 35.8% of study participants had high awareness levels about screening approaches, risk factors, early warning signs and therapeutic modalities of breast cancer, respectively, and majority had poor to moderate knowledge levels. Most effective predictors of high level of awareness were higher educational qualifications, attending in screening and public educational programs, personal problem, and family history of BC, respectively. Conclusion. Results of current study indicated that the levels of awareness among study population about key elements of BC are low. These findings reenforce the continuing need for more BC education through conducting public and professional programs that are intended to raise awareness among younger, single women and those with low educational attainments and without family history

Estimation of the parameters in the truncated normal distribution when the truncation point is known

In various fields of science, such as biology, economics and medicine, scientific data frequently follow a truncated normal distribution. Measurement of variables in some parts of the population present difficulties. Because of the importance of this distribution, many statisticians have been involved with the estimation of the relevant parameters.The problem with the estimation of the parameters is that the method of maximum likelihood gives rise to two equations which cannot be explicitly solved and, further, the results obtained are not acceptable due to the biases being large. Cox &amp; Hinkley (1974) have presented an approximation formula based on a Taylor expansion, which can be used to find the expected value and variance of the maximum likelihood estimators. An alternative approach for estimating the parameters is by application of Shenton &amp; Bowman's formula (1977).In this thesis the method of Shenton &amp; Bowman is extended to the two-parameters case to give the means, variances and covariances of the maximum likelihood estimators of the truncated normal distribution simultaneously.The maximum product spacing method, which is asymptotically as efficient as the maximum likelihood and in some cases hyper-efficient, is used for the truncated normal distribution.Finally, a comparison is made between the above methods and also with the method of estimation by means of simulation.</p

Estimation of the parameters in the truncated normal distribution when the truncation point is known

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN016956 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Study of Phonological Awareness in Children with Phonological Disorders

Objective: The relationship between phonological awareness and phonological disorders has been considered in recent decades. Phonological awareness deficits in children with phonological disorders could be due to a deficit in phonological abilities. The present study attempts to study the phonological awareness deficits in children with phonological disorders.  Materials & Methods: This was a comparative and cross-sectional study. The research sample consisted of 25 children with phonological disorders and 25 normal children. Children with phonological disorders were selected by convenience sampling method and normal children were selected by matching with the disordered group. The research instruments consisted of the “phonetic information test” to determine the phonological disorders and the “phonological awareness test” to assess phonological awareness. The awareness of syllable blending and syllabification, rhyme and alliteration was also studied. The data were analyzed using SPSS-13, based on paired t-test, independent T-test and Chi-square. Results: The mean score of phonological awareness in children with phonological disorders was significantly lower than normal children (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of awareness of syllabification (P=0.073) and syllable blending (P=0.189). But there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of awareness of rhyme (P<0.001) and alliteration (P<0.001) Conclusion: The findings showed that children with phonological disorders are at a lower level than normal children in terms of phonological awareness. According to the results of this study, it can be recommended that the speech-language pathologists should consider phonological awareness when treating children with phonological disorders