Hypoglycaemia and improved testicular parameters in Sesamum radiatum treated normo-glycaemic adult male Sprague Dawley rats

The development of a new dietary adjunct with a novel natural antioxidant impact on diabetes mellitus with prevention of its long term deleterious effect on the male fertility in general has been increasinglyexpressed in recent time. Hence, we aim to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of Sesame radiatum leaves on adult male Sprague Dawley rats’ testis using unbiased stereological, biochemical andhormonal studies. Thirty adult male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. The treated groups; 1 and 2 received 28.0 and 14 mg/kg bwt of aqueous extract of sesame leaves via oral garvage,respectively, while the control group received equal volume of 0.9% (w/v) normal saline per day for 6 weeks. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and blood glucose were assayed. Inaddition five microns of uniformly random transverse sections of processed testicular tissues were equally analyzed using an un-biased stereological study. The result showed that the mean percentagevolume fractions (Vf) of epithelial cells and lumen of the testis were 76% (

Weight reduction with improvement of serum lipid profile and ratios of Sesamum radiatum leaves diet in a non-obese Sprague Dawley rats

Development of novel natural dietary adjunct/agent with significant therapeutic effects on metabolic disease conditions such as obesity and heart disease raises concern in recent times. We studiedchronic toxicity of the combined active ingredients present in the sesame leaves and their interaction on the fasting serum lipid profiles with their ratios in thirty adult male non-obese Sprague Dawley (SD)rats. Such that, both treated groups received 14.0 and 28.0 mg/kg body weight doses of aqueous leaves extract of Sesamum radiatum respectively on a daily basis via gastric gavage, while, the controlreceived equal volume of normal saline daily for six weeks. Significant (P < 0.05) weight loss observed in the treated groups was associated with significant (P < 0.05) reductions in both serum cholesteroland triglycerides (TG). The effect on the serum lipoprotein cholesterol components and ratios were significant in a dose related manner, such that increase in HDL accompanied a corresponding decreasein both LDL and LDL/HDL ratio. In addition, to increased in TG/HDL ratio. However, no significant differences in the relative reduction level of VLDL and triglycerides in the treated groups were found compared to control. Thus, LDL/HDL ratio is significantly a better indicator than the TG/HDL ratio in assessing the impact of sesame treatment with evidence of weight loss and hypolipidaemia especially in hypertensive heart diseases

HIV Non-Occupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Awareness Among Undergraduate Students of a Private University in South-West Nigeria

Objectives: The Human Immunodeficiency virus causes an infection of public health importance with about 71% of the global burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, 3.2 million people are living with HIV, and 838,000 - 1.3 million of the cases are found among youths. Although Non- Occupational Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is a safe and efficacious method of HIV prevention, it remains an underutilized prevention strategy in Nigeria.Â&nbsp; This study aimed to determine the awareness level of nPEP after sexual and other non-occupational exposure to HIV among undergraduate students of a private University. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 395 undergraduates’ students. Data was collected by pre-tested structured self-administered questionnaires. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 software program and Frequency distribution tables with percentages and cross-tables were used for data description. Results: About 42.8% were aware of nPEP. Most of the respondents 361 (91.4%) knew that PEP is to be given after HIV exposure risk following sexual intercourse. Although 79.5% of the respondents indicated that they will see their physician after unprotected sexual intercourse and other non-occupational exposure to HIV, the majority neither knows about nPEP initiation time, 247 (62.5%) nor its duration, 286 (72.4%). Conclusions: A low level of awareness was observed among our study participants, therefore, consistent health education and promotion of nPEP will improve its awareness, uptake, and possibly reduce the prevalence of HIV among our youths

Maternal Haemoglobin and foetal birth weight - any relationship?

A prospective cross sectional study was carried out, in which 5oo consecutively booked antenatal patients at term were recruited. Their haemoglobin concentrations were estimated at the onset of labour and the babies were weighed immediately after delivery. The values obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The mean haemoglobin concentration was 104.5g/L while the mean birth weight was 3186gm.The incidence of low birth weight was 5.2%.There was no statistically significant haemoglobin concentration/foetal birth weight difference among the various haemoglobin concentration groups. (X2 = 4.969 and p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in mean birth weight among the various haemoglobin groups suggesting that other parameters may play important roles in influencing foetal birth weight than maternal haemoglobin concentration. Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 54 (3-4) 2008: pp. 50-5

The effect of calcium and phosphorus supplementation on the composition of milk and blood of lactating dwarf goats

This experiment involved 12 West Africa goats aged 20 to 24 months and weighing 21 to 23kg. They were fed a basal diet of grass hay (Cynodon nlemfuensis) and randomly allotted to one of three isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate diets. Concentrate contained Ca 0.42% and P 0.28% (A), Ca 0.81% and P 0.55% (B) and Ca 1.21% and P O.81(C). The experiment lasted 12) weeks of lactation. Results show that dry matter intake (DMI) was between 4.2 and 4.5% of body weight (BW). Treatment effect on blood glucose (BG) and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) was not significant. Effects of week and time of blood collection were highly significant (P&lt;0.01). Mean value (%of butterfat) of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of colostrum and mature milk was 9.1 and 7.87 respectively .Ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acid (SFA) was 0.16 for colostrum and 0.15 for mature milk. Treatment difference did not significantly affect fatty acid and milk composition. With the exception of lactose, all other milk analyses were higher in colostrum than mature milk, cholesterol and fatty acids contents were comparable to those reported in milk of temperate breed of goats.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Keywords:&nbsp;&nbsp; Fatty acids, blood glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, lactation, goats, milk composition

Utilization of phosphorus by pregnant West African dwarf goats

A total of twelve West African Dwarf (WAD) goats of about 10 months old were involved in this experiment. On attaining a body weight of 18kg, oestrus was synchronized and service affected by twin herd bucks. Does confirmed pregnant were randomly allotted to one of three isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. These diets contained three increasing levels of phosphorus (P) as treatment A (0.28%), B (0.55%) and C (0.81%). Balance trials were carried out at weeks 8, 12, 16, and 19 of gestation. Results showed that treatment effects on P balance and apparent digestibility were highly significant (P&lt;0.01). The trend observed showed an increase in P balance with increasing dietary level of P. There was however a decrease in apparent digestibility with increasing dietary P inclusion. Variations recorded for the mean daily gains of does on treatments A, B, C, were not significant (P&lt;0.05). Serum P as within the range 4-6mg 100-1 recommended for the goats.&nbsp;Key words: Phosphorus, pregnancy, goats, requirement. &nbsp

Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of conjoint twins

Background: A primipara with multiple pregnancy who booked for antenatal care at 21 weeks presented with vaginal bleeding and pedal oedema at the 27th week. She had had five previous ultrasound scans that gave conflicting results.Materials and Methods: The patient was therefore sent for a confirmatory scan, which was performed using a linear 3.5 MHz transducer of a dynamic imaging dedicated, concept MC ultrasound scan machine.Results: A diagnosis of conjoint twins was made. The twin was joined from the mandible to the abdomen. Although they cried at birth, they died afew minutes after. The pregnancy was terminated by caesarian section at the patient’s request. The patient did well postpartum and was discharged on the 5th postoperative day. Records confirm that this is the firstcase seen in this hospital, which has been in existence for 18 years. Conclusion: To diagnose conjoint twins by ultrasound, one needs the expertise and careful scanning techniques, as the diagnosis may be easily missed, especially if the union is extensive

An Appraisal of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy-The Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Experience

Background Obstetric care aims at reducing maternal (and perinatal) mortality and morbidity making the identification and management of related risk factors, such as asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy of paramount importance. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the booking antenatal patients as no such data exist for this centre. Methods Three hundred and fifty two (352) patients attending the antenatal booking clinic who had not used any antibiotic within the last 3 months prior to presentation were recruited into the study after informed consents were obtained. Having been taught the art of urine collection, a mid-stream urine specimen was taken and immediately plated on and cultured in Cysteine-Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) media and Mac-Conkey agar1 at the medical laboratory under aerobic condition at 370C. Results Out of the 352 patients in the study, 31 [8.8%] were excluded from the analysis because they had symptoms relating to the urinary tract infections. Among the remaining 321 patients whose urine samples were cultured, 36 [11.2%] samples yielded significant growth of bacteria (greater than 1x105 per ml of urine). Ninety seven (97) samples yielded mixed growths of organisms of no significance while there was no growth in 188 samples. The bacterial species identification showed a preponderance of Escherichia coli (48.5%). Discussion The finding of a prevalence of 11.2% for asymptomatic bacteriuria in the booking antenatal patients in this study shows that attention should be given to pregnant patients to prevent sequelae such as pyelonephritis in the mother and adverse fetal outcome. The high incidence of Klebsiella species (12.3%) is a cause for concern. Conclusion Proper surveillance will reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Keywords: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, booking antenatal patients, pregnanc

Knowledge of emergency contraception among students in a tertiary institution in a developing country

Abiodun Adeniyi Adewunmi,1 Kabiru Afolarin Rabiu,1 Adetokunbo Olufela Tayo,1 Tawakwalit Abimbola Ottun,1 Bolu Sunday Adeboye,2 Raheem Akinwunmi Akindele31Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja-Lagos, 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Specialist Hospital Akure Ondo State, 3Department Of Physiology, Obafemi Awolowo College Of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, NigeriaBackground: Emergency contraception (EC) has been available in developing countries without prescription for some time. There is, however, little research into the extent of the knowledge of mode of action, effectiveness, and availability of this form of contraception in rural areas.Objectives: To assess the knowledge of EC with respect to mode of action, effectiveness, and availability in rural areas among students in a tertiary institution in a developing country.Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to tertiary students in a university in rural area in a developing country. This questionnaire asked about their knowledge of the mode of action of EC, its availability over the counter, its cost, and the student&amp;#39;s willingness to purchase it.Results: Some 488 of the 500 questionnaires were returned. One hundred and eight (22.1%) of the students had used EC or bought it for a girlfriend at some stage in the past. Two hundred and forty four (50.0%) knew the correct timeframe for its use, while 201 (41.2%) were not aware of its availability over the counter in pharmacies, and 150 (30.7%) felt unable to purchase EC in a pharmacy where they are known. One hundred (20.5%) of the participants were aware of the cost of EC.Conclusion: The students had good knowledge of the timeframe for the use of EC, but lacked information regarding the availability and the cost of EC in the community.Keywords: developing country, emergency contraception, knowledg

Factors associated with acceptability of child adoption as a management option for infertility among women in a developing country

Adeniyi Abiodun Adewunmi,1 Elizabeth Arichi Etti,1 Adetokunbo Olufela Tayo,1 Kabiru Afolarin Rabiu,1 Raheem Akinwunmi Akindele,2 Tawakwalit Abimbola Ottun,1 Fatimat Motunrayo Akinlusi11Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja-Lagos, 2Department of Physiology, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu-Ogun State, NigeriaBackground: Adoption as a treatment option for infertility amongst those that cannot access and/or afford assisted reproduction is not well accepted in developing countries. This study sets out to determine the willingness of infertile women in developing countries to adopt a child and factors that influence women&amp;#39;s attitude to adoption.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of consecutive infertile patients who attended the gynecological clinic of a regional teaching hospital over a 2-month period. Information on demographics, fertility history, and attitude to adoption was obtained, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Tests of statistical significance were used where appropriate at the 95% confidence level.Results: The majority of respondents were aware of child adoption, and the most common source of information was friends (47.8%), followed by the media (39.7%); 42.6% of respondents were willing to adopt if their infertility became intractable. The main reasons given by those unwilling to adopt were culture (78.3%) and family constraints (13.45%). On univariate analysis of factors associated with a favorable or unfavorable attitude to adoption, awareness of adoption (P = 0.002), duration of infertility &amp;gt; 5 years (P = 0.015), no living child (P = 0.007), tertiary education (P &amp;lt; 0.001), pressure from parents (P = 0.041), household yearly income &amp;ge; $650 (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and belief that treatment will bring about the desired results (P &amp;lt; 0.001) were significant, and all except awareness of adoption turned out to be significant on multiple logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: There was a high level of awareness about child adoption among all respondents. However, the acceptability of adoption was significantly lower among poor women and those with limited education. Community advocacy and mobilization, especially through the media as well as via health care providers, will go a long way towards enlightening and enhancing the uptake of adoption among women in Nigeria.Keywords: infertility, adoption, developing country, Nigeri