1, 2, 3, Stop the Bleed: Analysis of a Bleeding Control Educational Course

Hemorrhaging, or uncontrolled bleeding, accounts for 40% of preventable deaths in the United States that occur after a traumatic injury. The Stop the Bleed campaign was launched in 2015 by the White House National Security Council to educate the public about methods to control and stop bleeding as well as empower individuals to take action if a traumatic accident occurs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Stop the Bleed” bleeding control course to increase knowledge about the topic as well as increase confidence to take action and use the techniques that were taught during the course appropriately. Data was collected via a cross sectional pre-post survey design. At baseline, the participants were asked basic knowledge questions about bleeding control and techniques to use as well as how confident they felt using those skills. After being presented the bleeding control material and practicing the techniques in the hands-on portion of the course, the participants were asked to complete a post-test with similar questions to that of the pre-test. De-identified responses were collected to analyze the changes in the overall knowledge scores and overall confidence scores with the use of the paired-t statistical test on SPSS. The participants (N=32) were employees within the Thomas Jefferson University Campus Security department. The overall score for the knowledge-based questions were analyzed from pre to post and showed that the changes were statistically significant (8.163,

Rhetoric vs. Reality Setting the Record Straight on Medication Abortion

In recent weeks, Louisiana joined Missouri, Alabama, Georgia, Ohio, Kentucky, and Mississippi in passing what are essentially total abortion bans. While abortion is still legal in these states—and the courts are likely to block these laws from going into effect—these latest efforts are part of an increasingly extreme and cruel attempt to challenge Roe v. Wade, the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that established the constitutional right to abortion, and to criminalize abortion in the United States. In 2019 alone, more than 300 restrictions on abortion access have been introduced in state legislatures. As anti-choice politicians continue their assault on abortion rights, it is necessary not only to defend against these attacks, but also to find avenues to protect and expand access to abortion care.Medication abortion can be a key tool in this fight: It has the potential to bring abortion access to those who need it most—particularly people of color, low-income people, people in rural areas, and others who cannot easily access providers—and increase the range of options for abortion care, giving individuals greater agency over their health care decisions

Cardiopulmonary Manifestations of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that usually affects young men. Cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary disease are well-known and commonly reported extra-articular manifestation, associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). AS has also been reported to be specifically associated with aortitis, aortic valve diseases, conduction disturbances, cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease. The pulmonary manifestations of the disease include fibrosis of the upper lobes, interstitial lung disease, ventilatory impairment due to chest wall restriction, sleep apnea, and spontaneous pneumothorax. They are many reports detailing pathophysiology, hypothesized mechanisms leading to these derangements, and estimated prevalence of such findings in the AS populations. At this time, there are no clear guidelines regarding a stepwise approach to screen these patients for cardiovascular and pulmonary complications

The Fossil Record of the Peronosporomycetes (Oomycota)

This is the publisher's version, which is being shared with permission. The original may be found at the following link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/10-278Evidence of fossil Peronosporomycetes has been slow to accumulate. In this review various fossils historically assigned to the Peronosporomycetes are discussed briefly and an explanation is provided as to why the fossil record of this group has remained inconsistent. In recent years there have been several new reports of fossil peronosporomycetes based on structurally preserved oogonium-antheridium complexes from Devonian and Carboniferous rocks that demonstrate the existence of these organisms as fossils and refute the long-standing assumption that they are too delicate to be preserved. Among these are several types characterized by oogonial surface ornamentation patterns not seen in any modern members of the group. To date at least three groups of fossil vascular plants (i.e. lycophytes, ferns and seed ferns) are known to host peronosporomycetes as endophytes; however only one form has been identified as a parasite

Fossil evidence of the zygomycetous fungi

Molecular clock data indicate that the first zygomycetous fungi occurred on Earth during the Precambrian, however, fossil evidence of these organisms has been slow to accumulate. In this paper, the fossil record of the zygomycetous fungi is compiled, with a focus on structurally preserved Carboniferous and Triassic fossils interpreted as zygosporangium-gametangia complexes and resembling those of modern Endogonales. Enigmatic microfossils from the Precambrian to Cenozoic that have variously been interpreted as, or compared to, zygomycetous fungi are also discussed. Among these, the spherical structures collectively termed 'sporocarps' are especially interesting because of their complex investments and abundance in certain Carboniferous and Triassic rocks. Circumstantial evidence suggests that at least some 'sporocarp' types represent mantled zygosporangia. Zygomycetous fungi probably were an important element in terrestrial paleoecosystems at least by the Carboniferous.Financial support for part of the research referred to here was provided by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0949947 to TNT and MK) and the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation (V-3.FLFDEU/ 1064359 to MK)