The Effect of Ramadan Fasting and Weight-Lifting Training on Plasma Volume, Glucose and Lipids Profile of Male Weight-Lifters

Objective(s)The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting and weight-lifting training on plasma volume, glucose, and lipids profile of male weight-lifter.Materials and MethodsForty male weight-lifters were recruited and divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) and as the following groups: control (C), fasting (F), training (T) and fasting-training (F-T). The T and F-T groups performed weight-lifting technique trainings and hypertrophy body building (3 sessions/week, 90 min/session). All subjects were asked to complete a medical examination as well as a medical questionnaire to ensure that they were not taking any medication, were free of cardiac, respiratory, renal, and metabolic diseases, and were not using steroids. Blood samples were taken at 24 hr before and 24 hr after one month of fasting and weight-lifting exercise. The plasma volume, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profiles, and lipoproteins were analyzed in blood samples. ResultsBody weight and plasma volume showed significant (P< 0.05) decrease and increase in the F group (P< 0.05) respectively. Also, a significant reduction was observed in F-T group body weight (P< 0.01). A significant increase was found in FBS level of F group (P< 0.05). The lipid profiles and lipoproteins didn’t change significantly in C, F, T and the F-T groups.ConclusionThe effect of Ramadan fasting on body weight and plasma volumes may be closely related to the nutritional diet or biochemical response to fasting

Tribological behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy reinforced by bimodal size B4C after precipitation hardening

Abstract This study investigated dry sliding wear properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy and B4C-reinforced AZ31 composites containing 5, 10, and 20 wt.% B4C with bimodal sizes under different loadings (10–80 N) at various sliding speeds (0.1–1 m/s) via the pin-on-disc configuration. Microhardness evaluations showed that when the distribution of B4C particles was uniform the hardness of the composites increased by enhancing the reinforcement content. The unreinforced alloy and the composite samples were examined to determine the wear mechanism maps and identify the dominant wear mechanisms in each wear condition and reinforcement content. For this purpose, wear rates and friction coefficients were recorded during the wear tests and worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analyses. The determined wear mechanisms were abrasion, oxidation, delamination, adhesion, and plastic deformation as a result of thermal softening and melting. The wear evaluations revealed that the composites containing 5 and 10 wt.% B4C had a significantly higher wear resistance in all the conditions. However, 20 wt.% B4C/AZ31 composite had a lower resistance at high sliding speeds (0.5–1 m/s) and high loadings (40–80 N) in comparison with the unreinforced alloy. The highest wear resistance was obtained at high sliding speeds and low loadings with the domination of oxidative wear

The Effect of Ramadan Fasting and Weight-Lifting Training on Plasma Volume, Glucose and Lipids Profile of Male Weight-Lifters

Abstract Objective(s) The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting and weight-lifting training on plasma volume, glucose, and lipids profile of male weight-lifter. Materials and Methods Forty male weight-lifters were recruited and divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) and as the following groups: control (C), fasting (F), training (T) and fasting-training (F-T). The T and F-T groups performed weightlifting technique trainings and hypertrophy body building (3 sessions/week, 90 min/session). All subjects were asked to complete a medical examination as well as a medical questionnaire to ensure that they were not taking any medication, were free of cardiac, respiratory, renal, and metabolic diseases, and were not using steroids. Blood samples were taken at 24 hr before and 24 hr after one month of fasting and weightlifting exercise. The plasma volume, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profiles, and lipoproteins were analyzed in blood samples. Results Body weight and plasma volume showed significant (P&lt; 0.05) decrease and increase in the F group (P&lt; 0.05) respectively. Also, a significant reduction was observed in F-T group body weight (P&lt; 0.01). A significant increase was found in FBS level of F group (P&lt; 0.05). The lipid profiles and lipoproteins didn&apos;t change significantly in C, F, T and the F-T groups. Conclusion The effect of Ramadan fasting on body weight and plasma volumes may be closely related to the nutritional diet or biochemical response to fasting

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Consumption Reduces Oxidative Stress and Markers of Muscle Damage after Combat Readiness Tests in Soldiers

Military activities often involve high-intensity exercise that can disrupt antioxidant capacity. We investigated the effects of oregano supplementation on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and plasma antioxidant markers of soldiers performing the army combat readiness test (ACRT). Twenty-four healthy male soldiers (age: 24 ± 3 years, height: 167 ± 14 cm, mass: 66 ± 3 kg) were randomized into a placebo group (n = 12) or an oregano supplementation group (n = 12). The participants consumed a capsule containing 500 mg Origanum vulgare immediately after completing the ACRT. Blood sampling was taken before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 60 and 120 min after oregano consumption. Plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured at the four time points. The time × group interactions were found for CK (p < 0.0001, d = 3.64), LDH (p < 0.0001, d = 1.64), MDA (p < 0.0001, d = 9.94), SOD (p < 0.0001, d = 1.88), TAC (p < 0.0001, d = 5.68) and GPX (p < 0.0001, d = 2.38). In all variables, the difference between placebo and oregano groups were significant at 60 (p < 0.0001) and 120 (p < 0.0001) minutes after ACRT test. The main effect of time was also significant for all the variables (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that oregano supplementation has the potential to reduce muscle damage and increase oxidative capacity following ACRT. Supplementation with oregano may serve as a dietary strategy to increase preparedness and promote recovery in military recruits

The Effect of a Single Session of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on Some Parameters of White Blood Cells

It is reported that resistance exercise causes an elevation of white blood cells (WBC) and some of its parameters such as neutrophils (NUT) and lymphocytes (LYM); but there isn’t enough study about eccentric exercise (ECC). So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single session of eccentric resistance exercise on some parameters of white blood cells. Twelve volunteer male sedentary students were selected to participate in this study. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group performed an eccentric elbow extension (80% of one maximum repetition, 6 sets, 8-10 replicates/sets). Blood sampling implemented at 30 min before the exercise, immediately after the exercise, 2 hours after the exercise, and 24 hours after the exercise. Cell differentiation of WBC for neutrophils (NUT), lymphocytes (LYM), eosinophils (EOS), and monocytes (MON) performed using automated hematology analyzer system [Sysmex (kx-21)]. NUT:LYM ratio was also calculated. It was observed that WBC (F = 9.611, p = 0.001), NUT (F = 9.6, p < 0.001), and LYM (F = 3.28, p < 0.001) increased significantly in response to eccentric exercise, and this elevation continued by 2 hours after the test, while NUT recovered to the initial levels by 24 hours after the exercise, and WBC and LYM remained at a high level at this time. In conclusion, the elevation of WBC immediately after the test is likely due to neutrocytosis and lymphocytosis, but in the recovery period and 24 hours after the exercise is due to lymphocytosis

The Effect of a Single Session of Moderate and Heavy Intensity Weight-lifting Exercise on Plasma Testosterone and Cortisol in Elite Male Weight-lifters

The aim of this study was effect of a single session of weight-lifting exercise on serum testosterone and cortisol and testosterone-cortisol ratio changes in elite weight-lifter of Mazandaran state. 10 elite weight-lifter of Mazandaran state was selected randomly. Moderate-intensity exercise was contained stand snatch (2 sets with 3 repeats of 60 one repeat maximum), Olympic snatch (2 sets with 2 repeats of 60 1RM and 1 sets with 2 repeats of 70 1RM), Olympic clean & jerk (2 sets with 2 repeats of 60 1RM and 1 sets with 2 repeats of 70 1RM), squat on chest (2 sets with 3 repeats of 70 1RM); and heavy-intensity exercise was contained Olympic snatch (idoneous warm up and reach to %100 of record), Olympic clean & jerk (idoneous warm up and reach to %100 of record), mean lift (2 sets with 3 repeat of %120 Olympic snatch record), squat on chest (idoneous warm up and reach to %100 of record). Blood samples were taken at 30 minutes previous and immediately post exercise while the subjects were overnight fast (at least 12h). Blood variables were measurement containing Hemoglobin, heamatocrit, Testosterone and cortisol. Data were analyzed by spss program and paired sample t-test was used to compare mean of previous and Post of information. Finally any significant changes were not observed in blood variables not only in moderate-intensity exercise but also in heavy-intensity exercise. Insignificant changes in testosterone, cortisol and testosterone-cortisol ratio may be accounted as exercise performance time and fitness level of weightlifters

Single and Concurrent Effects of Endurance and Resistance Training on Plasma Visfatin, Insulin, Glucose and Insulin Resistance of Non-Athlete Men with Obesity

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance (ET), resistance (RT) and concurrent training (CT) on plasma levels of visfatin, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance of non-athlete men with Obesity. It was a semi-experimental study. Thirty six men [age: 21.48 (0.25), and BF%: 27.39 (0.52)], voluntarily participated in this study after public announcement in university. Main inclusion and exclusion criteria was healthy (no physical illness and inability), obesity [based on WHO's definition body fat percentage (BF%) of over 25] and non-athlete (without regular training during week). They were randomly divided into three groups (n=12) for ET, RT and CT. For 8 weeks (3sessions/week), the candidates participated in ET (25-40 min at 65-85% of maximum heart rate), RT (5exercises, 6sets, intensity: 50-80% of one repetition maximum, volumes: 5, 8 and 12repetitions) and CT (one or a half-term ET and then RT with 3 sets). Blood samples were taken 48 h before the first training session and 48 h after the last training session. The ANCOVA was used for the comparison of the effect of three types of training. The BF% in ET was significantly less than that in RT (p<0.01), and in CT, it was less than that for both ET and RT (p<0.01). Plasma visfatin only, in CT was significantly less than that in RT (p<0.01). Plasma insulin levels in CT were significantly higher than that in ET and RT (p<0.01). Plasma glucose levels in CT were less than that in ET and RT, significantly (p<0.01). Insulin resistance only in CT was less than that in ET significantly (p<0.01). In general, the present study showed that maybe, CT have more effect on the body composition, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance adjustment, which can be effective in preventing obesity and adjusting adipocytokines such as visfatin

Impact of organizational justice perception on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: The iranian sports federation perspective

Abstract: One of the main roles of organization management is maintaining and improving just behaviors between managers and so cause a feel of employee&apos;s justice; that can affect on employees work attitudes such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The present study explores the impact of organizational justice perceptions on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in employees of Iran&apos;s ministry of sport. The results of path analysis indicate that although overall organizational justice hasn&apos;t significant path to overall organizational commitment and overall job satisfaction; but, procedural justice has a direct effect on overall job satisfaction; in order that, with respect to multiple regression results, the organizational justice dimensions predict the overall job satisfaction. Also, distributive justice has an effect on satisfaction with work and affective commitment. Procedural justice has an effect on satisfaction with coworker, supervisor, and affective commitment. In addition, interactional justice has an effect on affective commitment and normative commitment. Other paths aren&apos;t significant. In conclusion, recognizing that each of the dimensions of organizational justice which affect the employee attitudes in the organization, give us better understanding of organizational justice angles and dimensions and how to influence