Dietary olive oil effect on antioxidant status and fatty acid profile in the erythrocyte of 2,4-D- exposed rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to the development of several diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the possible protective effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), lipophilic fraction (OOLF) and hydrophilic fraction (OOHF) on oxidative stress and fatty acid profile of erythrocytes in 2,4-D treated rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into eight groups: control (C), (2,4-D) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w., (2,4-D/EVOO) was given 2,4-D plus EVOO, (2,4-D/OOHF) that received 2,4-D plus hydrophilic fraction, (2,4-D/OOLF) treated with 2,4-D plus lipophilic fraction, (EVOO) that received only EVOO, (OOHF) was given hydrophilic fraction and (OOLF) treated with lipophilic fraction. These components were daily administered by gavages for 4 weeks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>2,4-D treatment lead to decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) associated with a higher amount of MDA level. Erythrocyte membranes' fatty acid composition was also significantly modified with 2,4-D exposure. EVOO and hydrophilic fraction supplemented to rats with or not 2,4-D treatment enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the MDA level. However, lipophilic fraction did not show any improvement in oxidative damage induced by 2,4-D in spite its richness in MUFA and vitamins.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>EVOO administered to 2,4-D-treated rats protected erythrocyte membranes against oxidative damage by means of preventing excessive lipid peroxidation to increase the MUFA composition and increase maintaining antioxidants enzymes at normal concentrations.</p

Effects of olive oil and its fractions on oxidative stress and the liver's fatty acid composition in 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Olive oil's beneficial effects are not only related to its high content of oleic acid, but also to the antioxidant potential of its polyphenols. In this study, we assess the effects of virgin olive oil and its fractions on 2,4-D- induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups of ten each: (C) a control group, (D) group that received 2,4-D (5 mg/kg b.w.), (D/EVOO) group treated with 2,4-D plus extra virgin olive oil, (D/OOHF) group that received 2,4-D plus hydrophilic fraction, (D/OOLF) group treated with 2,4-D plus lipophilic fraction, (EVOO) group that received only extra virgin olive oil, (OOHF) group given hydrophilic fraction and (OOLF) group treated with lipophilic fraction. These components were daily administered by gavage for 4 weeks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A significant liver damage was observed in rats treated with 2,4-D via increased serum levels of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. The liver's fatty acid composition was also significantly modified with 2,4-D exposure. However, extra virgin olive oil and hydrophilic fraction intake during 2,4-D treatment induced a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities and a decrease in the conjugated dienes (CD) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) levels in the liver. The lipophilic fraction supplemented to 2,4-D- treated rats did not show any improvement in the liver oxidative status while a marked improvement was detected in the hepatic fatty acid composition of rats supplemented with olive oil and the two fractions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We concluded that the protective effect of olive oil against oxidative damage induced by 2,4-D is mainly related to the antioxidant potential of its hydrophilic fraction.</p

The Tunisian Artemisia Essential Oil for Reducing Contamination of Stored Cereals by Tribolium castaneum

Esencijalna ulja triju vrsta roda Artemisia (A. absinthium L., A. campestris L. i A. herba-alba (Asso)) ispitana su spregnutom tehnikom plinske kromatografije i masene spektrometrije (GC-MS), te je utvrđen njihov mogući insekticidni i repelentni učinak na skladišnog štetnika žitarica Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Provedeni su in vitro pokusi ispitivanja fumigacijskog i repelentnog učinka. Kemijska karakterizacija esencijalnih ulja pokazala je da u pelinovom ulju prevladavaju biciklični monoterpeni. Ulje pravog pelina (A. absinthium) sadržavalo je najviše bicikličnih monoterpena, bicikloheptana, naftalena i cikloalkena, a ono vrste A. campestris najviše seskviterpena i acikličnih monoterpena. Bijeli pelin (A. herba-alba) imao je najviše p-mentan tipa monoterpena, tetrahidropirana, kumena, tetrahidrofurana, ketona, benzenoidnih spojeva i monocikličnih monoterpena. Ispitivanje fumigacijskog učinka pokazalo je da su tri zasebno primijenjena ulja prouzročila veliki mortalitet štetnika. Najmanju srednju smrtnu dozu (LC50=142,8 μL/L) imalo je ulje bijelog pelina. Ulje vrste A. absinthium imalo je jači i brži repelentni učinak od ostalih vrsta. Mješavina esencijalnih ulja triju vrsta pelina imala je antagonistički učinak u svim ispitanim kombinacijama. Ovaj rad naglašava važnost moguće primjene esencijalnih ulja pelina, naročito vrsta A. herba-alba (bijelog pelina) i A. absinthium, na suzbijanje štetnika na uskladištenim proizvodima.Essential oils of three species of Artemisia genus (A. absinthium L., A. campestris L. and A. herba-alba (Asso)) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their potential insecticidal and repellent activities against the stored grain insect Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) was investigated. Fumigant and repellent activity bioassays were investigated in vitro. Chemical characterisation of essential oils showed that the bicyclic monoterpenes were predominant in all Artemisia essential oils, A. absinthium essential oil having the highest content of bicyclic monoterpenes, bicycloheptanes, naphthalenes and cycloalkenes. A. campestris had the highest content of sesquiterpenoids and acyclic monoterpenoids. A. herba-alba was characterised by the highest amounts of menthane monoterpenoids, oxanes, cumenes, oxolanes, ketones, benzenoids and monocyclic monoterpenes. Fumigant bioassay demonstrated that the three types of oil applied separately caused significant insect mortality. The lowest median lethal dose, LC50=142.8 μL/L, was observed with A. herba-alba. In repellency test, essential oil of A. absinthium was more potent with more rapid action than all other species. The mixture of Artemisia sp. essential oils showed an antagonistic effect in all the tested combinations. This study highlighted an important potential of Artemisia sp. especially A. herba-alba and A. absinthium in the control of the pests of stored products

Chemical Composition and Fumigant Toxicity of Artemisia absinthium Essential Oil Against Rhyzopertha dominica and Spodoptera littoralis

Natural products are excellent alternative to synthetic pesticides due to their reduced harmful impacts on human health and environment. Pesticides based on plant essential oils or their constituents have demonstrated efficacy against a range of pests and pre- and postharvest diseases. In this study, the pesticide potentiality of the essential oils from the absinthe wormwood Artemisia absinthium (Asteraceae) was investigated against two insect pests i.e. Rhyzopertha dominica and Spodoptera littoralis. Essential oil of the aerial parts was obtained by hydrodistillation and was analyzed by GC– MS in order to determine its chemical composition. The major components identified were: camphor (24.81%), camazulene (13.17%), bronylacetate (5.89%), and myrcene (5.83%). The essential oil of A. absinthium exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against R. dominica adults, a stored product pest, with a LC50 value of 18.23 µl/l air and LC90 value of 41.74 µl/l air. The wormwood essential oil showed high fumigant activity against S. littoralis, one of the most dangerous pests of protected crops, with a LC50 value of 10.59 µl/l air and a LC90 value of 17.12 µl/l air

The Tunisian Artemisia Essential Oil for Reducing Contamination of Stored Cereals by Tribolium castaneum

Essential oils of three species of Artemisia genus (A. absinthium L., A. campestris L. and A. herba-alba (Asso)) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their potential insecticidal and repellent activities against the stored grain insect Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) was investigated. Fumigant and repellent activity bioassays were investigated in vitro. Chemical characterisation of essential oils showed that the bicyclic monoterpenes were predominant in all Artemisia essential oils, A. absinthium essential oil having the highest content of bicyclic monoterpenes, bicycloheptanes, naphthalenes and cycloalkenes. A. campestris had the highest content of sesquiterpenoids and acyclic monoterpenoids. A. herba-alba was characterised by the highest amounts of menthane monoterpenoids, oxanes, cumenes, oxolanes, ketones, benzenoids and monocyclic monoterpenes. Fumigant bioassay demonstrated that the three types of oil applied separately caused significant insect mortality. The lowest median lethal dose, LC50=142.8 μL/L, was observed with A. herba-alba. In repellency test, essential oil of A. absinthium was more potent with more rapid action than all other species. The mixture of Artemisia sp. essential oils showed an antagonistic effect in all the tested combinations. This study highlighted an important potential of Artemisia sp. especially A. herba-alba and A. absinthium in the control of the pests of stored products