Iodine status and its determinants in subpopulation of pregnant women in rural Central India

Background: There is an increased demand for iodine and thyroid hormones, in pregnancy starting from the early weeks of pregnancy suggesting that there may be a need for additional supplements of iodine in high risk population to prevent iodine deficiency and its associated disorders. Hence this study was undertaken to determine the iodine status and its determinants in a subpopulation of pregnant women from a rural area of Central India.Methods: A hospital based, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out among pregnant women seeking antenatal care at Kasturba Hospital of MGIMS, Sewagram, a rural tertiary care institute in central India. Information was collected about demographic variables, use of iodized salt, iodine rich food and goitrogens as part of diet and other determinants. Spot urine samples were obtained, and assessment of urine iodine concentration was done by using Sandell-Kolthoff reaction.Results: Among 250 pregnant women of first trimester, iodine deficiency (ID) was present in 11.8 %, of which 59.25% had mild deficiency, 33.33% moderate deficiency and 7.4% severe deficiency. More women with iodine deficiency were of higher age, had less formal education and belonged to lower middle and lower economic class. Higher number of women with iodine deficiency had family history of thyroid disorders compared to iodine sufficient (18.51% versus 5.58%), more iodine deficient commonly had goitrogens (cabbage, cauliflower, radish, sweet potato, soya etc) as part of their meals (77.77% versus 68.60%), lesser women with ID ate iodine rich food (fish, milk yoghurt, bread) (18.51% versus 68.60%) and fewer of them used iodized salt during food preparation (25.92% versus 69.95%) compared to iodine sufficient, with a significant difference.Conclusions: Iodine deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women in this geographic region of central India. Age, low socioeconomic status, lack of education, family history, low intake of iodized salt and iodine rich food and more consumption of goitrogenic food as part of diet are risk factors. Appropriate health education, promoting use of iodized salt, quality assurance of universal salt iodization by household survey and screening in high risk group is suggested

Implementation of Text Extraction From Video Using Morphology and DWT

Video has one of the most popular media for entertainment, study and types delivered through the internet, wireless network, broadcast which deals with the video content analysis and retrieval. The content based retrieval of image and video databases is an important application due to rapid proliferation of digital video data on the Internet and corporate intranets. Text which is extracted from video either embedded or superimposed within video frames is very useful for describing the contents of the frames, it enables both keyword and free-text based search from internet that find out the any contained display in the video. The algorithm performance on the basis of text localization and false positive rate has improved for different types of video. The overall accuracy of this methodology is high than that of any other methods. The advantage of this algorithm is that it minimise processing time

Synthesis and Characterization of (2E) -1-[4-(2, 4-Dithio-3-Ethylimino -5- Substitutedimino -1, 3, 5-Triazino-6-Yl) Aminophenyl] -3-(3, 4- Dimethoxyphenyl) Prop -2-En-1-One

Abstract: Present research work comprises, isomerisation of series of (2E)-1-[4-(2-ethylimino-4-substitutedimino)-1,3,5-dithiazino-6-yl) aminophenyl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (Ia-e) were successfully carried using sodium bicarbonate in aqueous ethanol in to (2E)-1-[4-(2,4-dithio-3-ethyl-5-substituted-1,3,5-triazino-6-yl) aminophenyl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (IIa-e). All the synthesized compounds were justified on the basis of chemical tests, elemental study and spectral characterization

Magnetization reversal in exchange-spring bilayer system under circularly polarized microwave field

Microwave assisted magnetization reversal are studied in the bulk bilayer exchange coupled system. We investigate the nonlinear magnetization reversal dynamics in a perpendicular exchange spring media using Landau-Lifshitz equation. In the limit of the infinite thickness of the system, the propagation field leads the reversal of the system. The reduction of the switching field and the magnetization profile in the extended system are studied numerically. The possibility to study the dynamics analytically is discussed and an approximation where two P-modes are coupled by an interaction field is presented. The ansatz used for the interaction field is validated by comparison with the numerical results. This approach is shown to be equivalent to two exchange coupled macrospins

Newborn birth weight: a trend towards positive paradigm shift in rural central India

Background: Birth weight is one of the important determinants of neonatal wellbeing. It has many determinants including maternal nutritional status and gestational age. Low birth weight is associated with high neonatal and childhood mortality and morbidity. Over the years the birth weight is showing the increasing trend in developing countries like India. The study aimed at finding out the changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India.Methods: Retrospective data of 43,114 births was collected through hospital information system. Neonatal birth weight was analyzed over a period of 10 years from 2007-2016. Demographic data was studied to study the determinants.Results: Over the period of 10 years, proportion of newborn with low birth weight (below 2500 grams) declined from 56.35 % to 43.65 %. The rise in mean birth weight was 147 gram in male infant and 114 grams in female. There was overall reduction in proportion of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight babies. A linear relationship was observed between improved birth weight, socio economic status, age at marriage and maternal weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusions: A positive trend towards improved newborn birth weight was observed in study site of rural central India. Better antenatal care, improved maternal nutrition and improved social status of women in the community are the determinants found to have a positive correlation

Effect of Psoralea corylifolia on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in mice

AbstractThe whole plant of Psoralea corylifolia (PC) is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes. Mice were treated with prestandardised dose of dexamethasone for 22days and effect of PC at the doses of 100, 200 and 300mg/kg, p.o. on plasma blood glucose level, serum triglyceride level, glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, catalase and LPO), and body weight were observed. PC showed significant decrease in plasma glucose and serum triglyceride levels (p<0.01) at the dose of 100 and 200mg/kg, p.o. and also stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The levels of antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD, and catalase were significantly increased (p<0.01) and there was significant decrease (p<0.01) in level of LPO.Hence it can be concluded that Psoralea carylifolia may prove to be effective in the treatment of Type-II Diabetes mellitus owing to its ability to decrease insulin resistance

Determinants of Thyroid Autoimmunity in Pregnant Women of Rural Central India- A Cross Sectional Study

: Background: Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) is the most common autoimmune disorder in women of reproductive age. TAI in pregnancy is seen to rise markedly all over the world &amp; can remain undiagnosed as it may present without thyroid dysfunction. It is seen to be associated with a number of feto-maternal disorders and may affect pregnancy outcome. The occurrence of TAI in pregnancy, in the present rural community is not known, hence this study was carried out to determine the occurrence of thyroid autoimmunity in pregnant women from rural area.Methods: A hospital based, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out among pregnant women seeking antenatal care at Kasturba Hospital of MGIMS, Sewagram, a rural tertiary care institute in central India. Information was collected about demographic variables. Family history and other determinants. Serum TSH, Free T4, and antithyroglobulin antibody levels were in the first trimester. Thyroid status was labelled as euthyroid, overt hypothyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, overt hyperthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid and correlation was done with antibody positivity and various determinants.Results: Among 250 pregnant women of first trimester, antithyroglobulin antibody was positive in 32 (12.8%) of which 22 (68.75%) had thyroid dysfunction in the form of hypo or hyperthyroidism, and 10 (31.25 %) were euthyroid. Of 218 with negative antibody, 24 (11%) had thyroid dysfunction and 194 (88.99%) were euthyroid with a significant difference. Though TAI was present in all age groups, the numbers increased with increasing age. Among study subjects, 9.95 % from rural compared to 28.20 % from urban residential area had TAI indicating higher occurrence in urban population. TAI was observed in all socioeconomic classes but more so in middle, lower middle and lower economic class. Positive family history was noted in 18.75 % women with positive antibody compared to 3.71 % negative women (p value 10.62, chi square 0.002). More number of pregnant women with negative antibody had an average BMI compared to positive (77.06% vs 31.25%), more positive PW were overweight compared to negative ( 37.5% vs 18.34%) and also obese ( 15.62% vs 0.91%) (Chi square – 26.67, p value – 0.00002). As BMI increased proportion of PW with positive antibody increased with a significant difference Conclusions: Thyroid autoimmunity was seen in 12.8% pregnant women of the rural area of present study site. A substantial number of women with TAI had thyroid dysfunction and some were found to be euthyroid too. Older age, socioeconomic status, urban residence, high BMI and positive family history were risk factors for thyroid autoimmunity. Screening for thyroid antibodies in high risk pregnant women and those with thyroid dysfunction is suggested

SYNTHESIS OF 2-SUBSTITUTEDGUANIDINO-4-SUBSTITUTED-IMINE-6-SUBSTITUTEDIMINO-1,3,5-THIADIAZINES

A novel series of 2-substitutedguanidino-4-substitutedimine-6-sub-stitutedimino-1,3,5- thiadiazines (IIIa1 -e 5 ) have been recently synthesized by refluxing N-methylformamidino-N’- phenyliminothiocarbamide also called as 1-(N-substitutedcarbamimidoyl)3-{N-(E)- substitutedmethylidinecar-bamimidoyl}thiourea (Ia-e) with various isocyanodichloride (II1-5) in acetone-ethanol medium in 1:1 molar proportion. The structure of all the synthesized compounds was justified on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental analysis and IR, NMR and mass spectral analysis. Keywords: Guanidine, 1,3,5-thiadiazines, acetone, ethanol et

SYNTHESIS OF 1-SUBSTITUTED-2-SUBSTITUTEDGUANIDINO-4-SUBSTITUTEDIMINE-6-THIO-1,3,5-TRIAZINES

2-Substitutedguanidino-4-substitutedimine-6-substitutedimino-1,3,5-thia-diazines (VIIIa-r) were successfully isomerised into 1-substituted-2-sub-stitutedguanidino-4-substitutedimine-6-thio-1,3,5-triazines or 1-methyl-3-(1- substituted-4-{[(E)-substitutedmethylidene]amino}-6-thioxo-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)guanidines (IXa-r) by refluxing with 10% aqueous ethanolic sodium bicarbonate medium. The structure of all the synthesized compounds was justified on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental analysis and spectral analysis

Immune-inflammation gene signatures in endometriosis patients

To determine if the molecular profiles of endometriotic lesions contain informative measures of inflammation and immune dysfunction that may contribute to better understanding of the interplay between immune dysfunction and inflammation and their contribution to endometriosis pathogenesis