<i>meso</i>-Aryl Core-Modified Fused Sapphyrins: Syntheses and Structural Diversity

Two new, fused core-modified expanded porphyrins, sapphyrins <b>3</b> and <b>4</b>, were synthesized by a simple acid-catalyzed condensation of electron-rich and rigid precursor, dithienothiophene (DTT) diol, and core-modified tripyrrane. These sapphyrins exhibit structural diversity depending upon the heteroatom present in the macrocyclic framework, where the thiophene ring is inverted in <b>3</b>, while the selenophene ring in <b>4</b> exists in normal and inverted form in the free base and addition of two protons shifts the equilibrium to inverted form

Manlig impotens- Livskvalitet, stöd och information En litteraturstudie

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa impotensens inverkan på mäns livskvalitet samt att undersöka i vilket behov av stöd och information impotenta män är och vilken roll sjuksköterskan kan ha för patientgruppen. Resultatet base-ras på tio vetenskapliga artiklar, som granskats enligt Polit, et al (2001) kriterier för hur en vetenskaplig artikel. Resultatet visar att impotens har en klar påverkan på livskvaliteten för män. B l a kände männen en förlust av sin manlighet, fick sämre självkänsla och en negativ påverkan på mannens sociala liv var tydlig. Ett behov av en mer öppen diskussion kring sexualitet efterlyses av männen samt bättre information om bakomliggande orsaker och behandlingsalternativ. Sjukskö-terskan ansågs kunna ha en betydande roll för patientgruppen impotenta män. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att man i den kliniska verksamheten måste bli bättre på att integrera sexualiteten i begreppet hälsa. Viktigt är att förstå varje mans upplevelse av impotensen och på så sätt kunna identifiera hans behov av stöd och information.The aim of this study is to find out to what extent impotence influences a mans quality of life, further purpose is to find out what needs of support and informa-tion this group of patients have, and what role the nurse can play. The result is based on ten scientific articles, that have been scrutinized using the scientific cri-teria’s presented by Polit et al (2001). The study shows that impotence affects a mans quality of life. Impotence often has a negative affect on men’s self-esteem and it can be an obstacle to his social life. Men expressed a need for a more open discussion on sexuality and a wider range of information. A nurse is considered to be able to contribute with knowledge and information for this group of patients. The conclusion is that people within medical services have to improve their way to integrate sexuality in the concept of health. The most important thing is to un-derstand every individual´s experience of impotence, identify his needs and give him suppor

<i>meso</i>-Tetrakis(<i>p</i>-sulfonatophenyl)N-Confused Porphyrin Tetrasodium Salt: A Potential Sensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy

A water-soluble derivative of N-confused porphyrin (NCP) was synthesized, and the photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) application was investigated by photophysical and <i>in vitro</i> studies. High singlet oxygen quantum yield in water at longer wavelength and promising IC₅₀ values in a panel of cancer cell lines ensure the potential candidacy of the sensitizer as a PDT drug. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on PDT in MDA-MB 231 cells and the apoptotic pathway of cell death was illustrated using different techniques

In Vitro and In Vivo Demonstration of Human-Ovarian-Cancer Necrosis through a Water-Soluble and Near-Infrared-Absorbing Chlorin

With the objective of developing efficient sensitizers for therapeutic applications, we synthesized a water-soluble 5,10,15,20-tetrakis­(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)­chlorin (TDC) and investigated its in vitro and in vivo biological efficacy, comparing it with the commercially available sensitizers. TDC showed high water solubility (6-fold) when compared with that of Foscan and exhibited excellent triplet-excited-state (84%) and singlet-oxygen (80%) yields. In vitro photobiological investigations in human-ovarian-cancer cell lines SKOV-3 showed high photocytotoxicity, negligible dark toxicity, rapid cellular uptake, and specific localization of TDC in neoplastic cells as assessed by flow-cytometric cell-cycle and propidium iodide staining analysis. The photodynamic effects of TDC include confirmed reactive-oxygen-species-induced mitochondrial damage leading to necrosis in SKOV-3 cell lines. The in vivo photodynamic activity in nude-mouse models demonstrated abrogation of tumor growth without any detectable pathology in the skin, liver, spleen, or kidney, thereby demonstrating TDC application as an efficient and safe photosensitizer

<i>In Vitro</i> Demonstration of Apoptosis Mediated Photodynamic Activity and NIR Nucleus Imaging through a Novel Porphyrin

We synthesized a novel water-soluble porphyrin <b>THPP</b> and its metalated derivative <b>Zn-THPP</b> having excellent triplet excited state quantum yields and singlet oxygen generation efficiency. When compared to U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved and clinically used sensitizer Photofrin, <b>THPP</b> showed <i>ca.</i> 2–3-fold higher <i>in vitro</i> photodynamic activity in different cell lines under identical conditions. The mechanism of the biological activity of these porphyrin systems has been evaluated through a variety of techniques: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, comet assay, poly­(ADP-ribose)­polymerase (PARP) cleavage, CM-H₂DCFDA assay, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometric analysis, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy, which confirm the apoptotic cell death through predominantly reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, <b>THPP</b> showed rapid cellular uptake and are localized in the nucleus of the cells as compared to Hoechst dye and Photofrin, thereby demonstrating its use as an efficient sensitizer in photodynamic therapy and live cell NIR nucleus imaging applications