Perceived parenting style and mother’s behavior in maintaining dental health of children with Down syndrome

Background: The number of children with down syndrome in Surabaya has reached 924 children. Prevalence of gingivitis and dental caries (91% and 93.8%, respectively) occurs in children with down syndrome aged 6 to 20 years. Oral and dental health problems are found in children with down syndrome because they have physical and motoric limitation in maintaining oral and dental hygiene, thus require parental care from mother. Perceived parenting style includes responsiveness and demandingness. Perceived parenting is crucial for mother whose children have Down syndrome in order to guide their health behavior, particularly to maintain oral and dental health. Purpose: The study aimed to analyze correlation between perceived parenting style and mother’s behavior in maintaining dental health of children with Down syndrome. Method: This cross sectional analytical study involved 40 mothers of children aged 7-13 years with Down syndrome enrolled in Special Education Elementary Schools Surabaya and Association of Parents of Children with Down syndrome Surabaya. Data of perceived parenting style (responsiveness and demandingness) and mother’s behavior in maintaining dental health were obtained by questionnaire. Composition of each item in questionnaire of perceived parenting style and mother’s behavior in maintaining dental health of children with Down syndrome was passed through validity and reliability test. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression correlation test. Result: This present study showed that perceived parenting style is significantly correlated with mother’s behavior in maintaining dental health of children with Down syndrome (R = 0.630, p = 0.000), with perceived parental responsiveness as a strong predictor. Mean score and standard deviation of perceived parental responsiveness and demandingness were 33.00±2.99 and 15.55±1.99, respectively. Conclusion: Perceived maternal parenting style in children with Down syndrome is closely related to mother’s behavior in maintaining dental health of children with Down syndrome

Could the Severity of Infected Gingiva in Pregnant Woman Affect the Quality of Life?

Background: Observation carried out in early 2016 to a number of pregnant women in Community Health Center Surabaya found that more than 80% of pregnant women had infected gingiva or gingivitis. Pregnant women are susceptible to oral and dental disease. Oral heath problem could impact on oral health-related quality of life, includes physical pain, physical disability, psychological discomfort, functional limitation, and social disability. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of severity level of infected gingiva on oral health-related quality of life of pregnant woman. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 Community Health Centers Surabaya and involved 106 pregnant women. All of participants were examined regarding their severity level of infected gingiva, also answered the quality of life questionnaire. Result: Lower quality life of pregnant woman were observed in woman presenting more severe infected gingiva level. Conclusion: Oral health-related quality of life of pregnant woman were influenced by the severity level of infected gingiva

The role of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) of mothers on teaching toothbrushing to preschool children – based on the Theory of Planned Behavior: a cross-sectional study

Background. Indonesia has reported high prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC). This is at 90% at age 3–5 years with higher mean of decay extraction or filling of teeth (def-t). Preschool children are one of the most vulnerable groups to dental and oral disease because they generally still not have proper behavior with regard to maintaining their oral health. Parental care is an important factor as it serves as the basis of the formation of behaviors that support or do not support childhood oral hygiene. One well-validated theory commonly used to test human attitudes and behaviors is the Theory of Planned Behavior. Objectives. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, to describe the behavior of mothers on teaching toothbrushing to preschool children. Material and methods. We undertook a cross-sectional analytic study with sample size 218 of mothers of kindergarten children in Surabaya. We obtained our data by giving a questionnaire to mothers that consists of 35 semi open ended and closed ended questions. Results. The variables of Theory of Planned Behavior which showed significant effect on intention to act were attitude and PBC with p-value < 0.005. Subsequently, attitude, subjective norms, and PBC were tested together to measure the influence to intention – which resulted in a R2 of 0.37. Conclusions. Attitudes and PBC are the most dominant factors in improving the intentions and behavior of mothers towards teaching effective toothbrushing practices to their children

Analysis of Calcium Levels in Groundwater and Dental Caries in the Coastal Population of an Archipelago Country

BACKGROUND: The coastal region is the largest region in Indonesia as a country of the archipelago. Characteristics of groundwater content in coastal areas are very influential on dental health, especially dental caries. The main elements contained in 1-1000 mg/litre groundwater are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, bicarbonate, and sulfate groups. Calcium is an essential ingredient for living organisms that play a role in the formation of bone and tooth along with permeability of cell walls. AIM: This study aimed to analyse the relationship between calcium in groundwater with dental caries. METHOD: Analytical observational study with cross-sectional approach was implemented was coastal communities in Watu Ulo Jember Regency in February 2018 (3,686 inhabitants), with sample criteria of the minimum age of 12 years and consumed groundwater as drinking water at least 2 years by purposive side. The variables in this study were calcium levels as the independent variable and dental caries as the dependent variable. Calcium was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Caries measurements were performed using the DMF-T index. Data were presented descriptively in the table and analysed by Spearman Correlation test to analyze the relationship between groundwater calcium with dental caries. RESULTS: Average groundwater calcium content was 126.75 mg/litre (high category), and average dental caries was 2.2 (low category). Spearman correlation analysis showed p = 0.029 (p < 0.000), which means there was a correlation between groundwater calcium level with dental caries

Dental Communication Correlation with Felt Need Profile of Dental Caries Treatment

Background: According to the data of the Ministry of Health of Indonesia in 2001, the prevalence of dental and oral caries patients is 60% of Indonesia’s population, and 71.8% of the population does not treat or seek treatment when they have dental caries. This is evidenced by data released by the National Health Survey in 2004; only 38% of the population came to the health center and only 4.9% presented to the governmental hospital. From the preliminary research, the data obtained including the level of knowledge about good dental health, motivation for high dental caries care, high dental caries care services, good perception about dental caries care, and felt need for high dental caries treatment did not guarantee that a person had good oral health. Aims: The study aim lies in identifying the correlation of dental health communication with the picture of the felt need of dental caries care so that dental health services given to the society become effective and efficient. Settings and Design: This was an observational analytic study. Subjects and Methods: Ninety‑six respondents were grouped into six groups. Primary data collection was made by performing oral and dental examinations using Oral Hygiene Index and Decay Missing Filling index and questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: The data obtained were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: Knowledge of dental caries, perception of dental caries impact on oral function, motivation of dental caries treatment, and felt need had significant relation to social class strata. There was no significant relationship between communication and felt need of dental caries treatment. Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between dental health communication with a picture of felt need of dental caries treatment. Well‑created communication will give good felt need as well

Strawberry Utilization Empowerment Program in Low‑Temperature Environment as a Dental Health Promotion

Aims: Based on the results of preliminary observations on 100 mothers in Claket, Pacet, Mojokerto, it was obtained that there is a significant association between oral hygiene with caries rate. Of the 48 participants with poor oral hygiene index (1.3–6), 26 participants (54.2%) had caries rate that exceeded the average of the population (decay, missing, or filling on permanent teeth index ≥8.29). This shows that participants with poor oral hygiene tend to have high levels of caries. Providing knowledge to participants about the benefits of strawberries for oral health, especially as food, that can help the process of self‑cleansing and improving oral hygiene as well as how to cultivate strawberries. Subjects and Methods: The formal approach was done through cadres of Claket village, while nonformal approach was done by building interpersonal closeness to participants who took active roles in the activities. The statistical analysis for this study was done using SPSS 17 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results: There were 38 mothers who participated in this program. A group of cadres was formed for the program, namely Laskar Pelangi, consisting of four people. The cadres received 30 strawberry seeds to be distributed to the other participants and a booklet, in which one of the contained information is about strawberry plants and the means of cultivation. Conclusions: The program went well, as evidenced by the enthusiasm of the participants and cadres in each stage of the program. It can be seen from many questions from the mothers and the results in which the mothers managed to understand how to cultivate strawberries

Caries and Dental and Oral Hygiene Profile of Drug (Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs) Users at Drug Rehabilitation Centers

Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify the description of dental caries and oral hygiene of drug users. Subjects and Methods: This descriptive study has 60 participants. Oral hygiene index‑S (OHI‑S) and caries severity with decay‑missing‑filling‑T (DMF‑T) index were performed. Subjective data collection on the knowledge and behavior of drug users was obtained from the results of questionnaires filled by respondents. Results: OHI‑S of respondents was 1.8 and mean of DMF‑T was 4.33, which means that the condition of dental and oral hygiene of the respondents was still not good. The mean results of OHI‑S score for drug users <10 years of consumption was 1.03, those who consumed for 10–20 years was 2.06, and those who consumed over 20 years was 2.85. DMF‑T of <10 years of drug users had mean DMF‑T of 1.5, those who consumed drugs between 10 and 20 years was 2.6, and those who consumed over 20 years of 7.9. Conclusions: Overall, most drug users had good oral hygiene and above mean caries severity

Building team agreement on large population surveys through inter-rater reliability among oral health survey examiners

Background: Oral health surveys conducted on a very large population involve many examiners who must be consistent in scoring different levels of an oral disease. Prior to the oral health survey implementation, a measurement of inter-rater reliability (IRR) is needed to know the level of agreement among examiners or raters. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the IRR using consensus and consistency estimates in large population oral health surveys. Methods: A total of 58 dentists participated as raters. The benchmarker showed the clinical sample for dental caries and community periodontal index (CPI) score, with the raters being trained to carry out a calibration exercise in dental phantom. The consensus estimate was measured by means of a percent agreement and Cohen’s Kappa statistic. The consistency estimate of IRR was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation. Results: The percent agreement is 65.50% for photographic slides of dental caries, 73.13% for photographic slides of CPI and 78.78% for calibration of dental caries using phantom. There were statistically significant differences between dental caries calibration using photographic slides and phantom (p0.9). Conclusion: A percent agreement across multiple raters is acceptable for the diagnosis of dental caries. Consistency between multiple raters is reliable when diagnosing dental caries and CPI

Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride (CPP-ACPF) as an Enamel Remineralization

Dental erosion is an oral problem which often occurs in children and adolescents. The most common cause of dental erosion is excessive consumption of soft drinks. One of the methods to prevent dental erosion caused by soft drinks is using products that are able to increase the remineralization of dental structure. A remineralization agent that can be used is CPP-ACPF which contains calcium, phosphate, and fluoride. Purpose: To examine the microporosity changes on the enamel surface of primary teeth exposed to soft drinks followed by application of CPP-ACPF. Methods: Five primary lower incisor crowns were vertically separated in half. Two samples (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were made by dividing one tooth into each group sample. Group A was immersed in 50 ml of soft drink (Coca Cola®) for 15 minutes for 7 days, while in group B, this was followed by CPP-ACPF application for 4 minutes twice a day for 7 days. Samples were scanned with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with 1000× magnification and the enamel surface microporosity was scored using Dudea criteria. Results: The average number of micropores on the enamel surface of primary tooth group A was 3,7500+0,43301, while in group B it was 1,6000+0,45415. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in microporosity on the enamel surface after CPP-ACPF application in primary teeth exposed to soft drinks

Interventive Empowerment Program to Improve Dental Health Knowledge for People Living with HIV, Teenagers, and Visitors of Public Health Center in Red District Area

Aims: The aim of the study is to actuating willingness and ability to maintain and improve dental health in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) community. Subjects and Methods: Problem finding is intervened through group approach method and using supporting media in the form of book and audiovisual. The intervention targets consisted of primary groups (PLHIV‑assisted group) and secondary (visitors of public health center, junior and senior high school students) as supportive of promotive and preventive efforts. The statistical analysis for this study was done using SPSS 17 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results: This program was followed by respondents covering PLHIV group, junior and High school students that are selected as a cadrees and visitors of public health centre. There is enhancement of knowledge and skills in maintaining oral hygiene after intervention with an average before intervention of 55.33% increased to 86.67%. Conclusions: The empowerment program produces good results seen from the respondents have been able to explain and practice how to brush teeth properly and correctly after some intervention programs