Fixation modes of gold(III) from solutions using cadmium(II) dithiocarbamates. Preparation, supramolecular structure and thermal behaviour of polynuclear and heteropolynuclear gold(III) complexes: Bis(N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamato-S,S′)gold(III) polychlorometallates, [Au(S2CNR2)2]nX (n=1: X=[AuCl4]−; n=2: X=[CdCl4]2−, [Cd2Cl6]2−)

Four novel heteropolynuclear and polynuclear complexes of the general formulae [Au(S2CNR2)2]2X (X = [CdCl4]2−, R = CH3 (1); X = [Cd2Cl6]2−, R = C3H7 (2)) and [Au(S2CNR2)2][AuCl4] (R = iso-C3H7 (3); R = iso-C4H9 (4)) were prepared using heterogeneous reactions between appropriate freshly precipitated binuclear cadmium(II) dialkyldithiocarbamates and AuCl3 in 2 M hydrochloric acid. The isolated complexes were studied by 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) under an argon atmosphere. In all molecular structures (1–4), one of the gold atoms coordinates two dialkyldithiocarbamate ligands in the S,S′-bidentate mode, forming a square-planar coordination polygon [AuS4], while the other gold atom (in 3 and 4) has four neighbouring chlorine atoms [AuCl4]. At the supramolecular level, compounds 1 and 2 comprise binuclear cations, [Au2{S2CN(CH3)2}4]2+ and polynuclear chains, ([Au{S2CN(C3H7)2}2]+)n in a combination with [CdCl4]2− and [Cd2Cl6]2− anions, respectively. Unexpected structural distinctions at the supramolecular level were discovered for the chemically related compounds 3 and 4. In these ionic complexes, there are either cationic trinuclear formations, {[Au{S2CN(iso-C3H7)2}2]2[AuCl4]}+, or polynuclear chains, ([Au{S2CN(iso-C4H9)2}2]+)n, both combined with [AuCl4]− anions, in the structural basis of compounds 3 and 4, respectively

Crystalline O,O′-di-sec-butyl and O,O′-diethyl dithiophosphate platinum(II) complexes : synthesis, 13C and 31P CP/MAS NMR, single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and thermal behaviour

Crystalline bis(O,O'-di-sec-butyldithiophosphato)platinum(II) was prepared and studied by means of (13)C, (31)P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The unit cell of the platinum(II) compound is comprised of one centrosymmetric mononuclear molecule [Pt{S(2)P(O-sec-C(4)H(9))(2)}(2)], in which the dithiophosphate groups display structural equivalence in both (31)P NMR and XRD data. A pair of the dithiophosphate ligands exhibit the same S,S'-bidentate chelating structural function and form two planar four-membered chelate rings, [PtS(2)P], in this molecule. The planar configuration of the [PtS(4)] chromophore in structure 1 is governed by the dsp(2)-hybrid state of platinum(II). The structural states of the dithiophosphate groups in two different samples of complex 1 (one crystallised from ethanol and the other one precipitated from an aqueous solution) are all characterised by almost rhombic (31)P chemical shift tensors. The observed essential dispersion of the (31)P NMR chemical shift is caused by a coexistence of six optical isomers of molecule 1. The thermal behaviour of this compound was studied by means of simultaneous thermal analysis (a combination of TG and DSC) under an argon atmosphere. The thermal behaviour shows that the mass of 1 is lost in three steps, involving successive thermal decompositions of the organic and inorganic parts of this compound with platinum(II) dithio-meta-phosphate and reduced metallic platinum as the intermediate and the final products, respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Amino acid formulas in patients with food allergy

The article presents modern approaches to the use of balanced formulas for nutrition and diet correction in children with various forms of food allergies. The guidelines are based on all available up to date evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as specialized amino acid formulas. This formula is the targeted medical intervention for food allergies and confirmed cow's milk protein allergy, and particularly for patients with reduced physical growth and development (growth rates included). The material is based on methodological guidelines on the amino acid formulas usage previously developed by specialist experts of the Union of pediatricians of Russia in 2020

Amino Acid Formulas in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Modern approaches for the management of children with gastrointestinal pathologies include optimal nutritional support that makes it possible to replete energy failure and restore essential nutrients balance. The article presents key information on gastrointestinal diseases in which modern amino acid formulas can be used to regulate nutritional status. The authors have conducted the extensive analysis of all available for now evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as special elemental formula in gastrointestinal tract pathological conditions. This material is the basis for guidlines on the use of amino acid formulas developed by expert specialists of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia in 2020

Применение аминокислотных смесей при пищевой аллергии

The article presents modern approaches to the use of balanced formulas for nutrition and diet correction in children with various forms of food allergies. The guidelines are based on all available up to date evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as specialized amino acid formulas. This formula is the targeted medical intervention for food allergies and confirmed cow's milk protein allergy, and particularly for patients with reduced physical growth and development (growth rates included). The material is based on methodological guidelines on the amino acid formulas usage previously developed by specialist experts of the Union of pediatricians of Russia in 2020.В статье приводятся современные подходы к использованию сбалансированных детских смесей, которые предназначены для вскармливания и коррекции рациона детей, страдающих различными формами пищевой аллергии. Рекомендации разработаны на основании всех доступных на сегодняшний день доказательств эффективности, безопасности и полезности использования такой инновационной медицинской технологии, как специализированные аминокислотные смеси. Данная формула является таргетным медицинским вмешательством при пищевой аллергии и подтвержденной аллергии к белкам коровьего молока, особенно для пациентов со сниженными показателями физического развития, в том числе темпов роста. Материал основан на методическом руководстве по применению аминокислотных смесей, ранее разработанном экспертами-специалистами Союза педиатров России в 2020 г

Применение аминокислотных смесей при заболеваниях желудочно-кишечного тракта

Modern approaches for the management of children with gastrointestinal pathologies include optimal nutritional support that makes it possible to replete energy failure and restore essential nutrients balance. The article presents key information on gastrointestinal diseases in which modern amino acid formulas can be used to regulate nutritional status. The authors have conducted the extensive analysis of all available for now evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as special elemental formula in gastrointestinal tract pathological conditions. This material is the basis for guidlines on the use of amino acid formulas developed by expert specialists of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia in 2020.Современные подходы к ведению детей с патологией желудочно-кишечного тракта включают оптимальную нутритивную поддержку, которая позволяет восполнить энергетический дефицит и восстановить баланс основных нутриентов. В статье представлены ключевые сведения о заболеваниях пищеварительного тракта, при которых в целях коррекции нутритивного статуса могут быть использованы современные аминокислотные смеси. Авторами проведен тщательный анализ всех доступных на сегодняшний день доказательств эффективности, безопасности и полезности применения такой инновационной медицинской технологии, как специальная элементная формула при патологических состояниях желудочно-кишечного тракта. Материал является основой методического руководства по применению аминокислотных смесей, разработанного экспертами-специалистами Союза педиатров России в 2020 г

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk