Event-based Camera Simulation using Monte Carlo Path Tracing with Adaptive Denoising

This paper presents an algorithm to obtain an event-based video from noisy frames given by physics-based Monte Carlo path tracing over a synthetic 3D scene. Given the nature of dynamic vision sensor (DVS), rendering event-based video can be viewed as a process of detecting the changes from noisy brightness values. We extend a denoising method based on a weighted local regression (WLR) to detect the brightness changes rather than applying denoising to every pixel. Specifically, we derive a threshold to determine the likelihood of event occurrence and reduce the number of times to perform the regression. Our method is robust to noisy video frames obtained from a few path-traced samples. Despite its efficiency, our method performs comparably to or even better than an approach that exhaustively denoises every frame.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 3 table

Reconstruction of Winter Temperature since the 1830s in Kawanishi Based on Historical Weather Documents

In the present study, we estimated the winter temperature variations from 1830/31 to 2008/09 in the town of Kawanishi in the southern part of Yamagata prefecture using daily weather reports and observa tions documented in an old personal diary. Using historical weather reports, we computed the snowfall rate (percentage ratio of snowfall days to the total number of precipitation days) for each winter during the study period. Then, mean winter temperatures in Kawanishi were estimated using a simple linear regression analysis based on the relationship between the mean winter temperature and snowfall rate, which was computed from historical weather reports. The results of this analysis showed that there were several warm winters in the late 19th century. The warm winters were observed in a period extending from the late 1840s to the early 1850s, and a period in the late 1860s. The results also showed that the temperatures in those warm winters were similar to the average winter temperature for the period 1970/71-1999/2000. By comparing the time series of estimated temperatures to those of long-term historical instrumental temperature data since the late 19th century, we found that the variation in the estimated temperature correlated well with that of the instrumental temperature data. This indicates that the estimated results in the present study are highly reliable

Reconstruction of July Temperature Variations since the 1830s in Kawanishi Based on Historical Weather Documents

In the present study, we estimated the July maximum temperature variations from 1830 to 2011 in the town of Kawanishi in the southern part of Yamagata prefecture using daily weather reports and observa tions documented in an old personal diary. Using historical weather reports, we computed the number of "fine-weather" days for each July during the study period. Then, July maximum temperatures in Kawanishi were estimated using a simple linear regression analysis based on the relationship between the July maximum temperature and number of "fine-weather" days, computed from historical weather reports. By com paring the time series of estimated temperatures with those of historical instrumental temperature data in the late 19th century, we found that the variation in the estimated temperature correlated well with that of the instrumental temperature data. This indicates that the estimated results in the present study are highly reliable. The results of this analysis showed that there were cool periods in the 1830s, 1860s, 1900s, and a period extending from the 1980s to the early 1990s. Those cool periods in the 1830s, 1860s, and 1900s coincided with poor rice harvests and severe famines in northern Japan. Warm summers were observed in the 1850s, a period extending from the 1870s to 1880s, and 1920s. We found that temperatures in the early 1850s were similar to those of warm summers in the late 20th century

Cancer activity and bleeding events post-PCI

Purpose : Limited data exist about clinically relevant bleeding events related to antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in cancer patients. We investigated the risk factors for clinically relevant bleeding events in patients with cancer after PCI with stent implantation. Patients and Methods : Patients with solid cancer subjected to first PCI were divided into active (n = 45) and non-active cancer groups (n = 44). The active group included non-operable patients on treatment or with metastasis ; the non-active included those already subjected to or for whom radical surgery was planned within 3 months after the index PCI. Results : During a median follow-up of 2.2 years, 11 bleeding events occurred, with only one occurring in the non-active cancer group. Half of them occurred during the dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) period, and the rest occurred during single-antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) period. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly more bleeding events in the active cancer group (p = 0.010). Multivariate Cox regression hazard analysis revealed cancer activity as a significant independent risk factor for bleeding (p = 0.023) ; but not for three-point major adverse cardiovascular events. Conclusion : Clinically relevant bleeding risk after PCI was significantly lower in non-active cancer. Active cancer group had clinically relevant bleeding during both DAPT and SAPT periods

Unique molecular and functional features of extramedullary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell reservoirs in humans

Rare hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pools outside the bone marrow (BM) contribute to blood production in stress and disease but remain ill-defined. Although non-mobilized peripheral blood (PB) is routinely sampled for clinical management, the diagnosis and monitoring potential of PB HSPCs remains untapped, as no healthy PB HSPC baseline has been reported. Here we comprehensively delineate human extramedullary HSPC compartments comparing spleen, PB and mobilized PB (mPB) to BM using single-cell RNA-seq and/or functional assays. We uncover HSPC features shared by extramedullary tissues and others unique to PB. First, in contrast to actively dividing BM HSPCs, we find no evidence of substantial ongoing hematopoiesis in extramedullary tissues at steady state, but report increased splenic HSPC proliferative output during stress erythropoiesis. Second, extramedullary stem cells/multipotent progenitors (HSC/MPPs) from spleen, PB and mPB share a common transcriptional signature and increased abundance of lineage-primed subsets compared to BM. Third, healthy PB HSPCs display a unique bias towards erythroid-megakaryocytic differentiation. At HSC/MPP level, this is functionally imparted by a subset of phenotypic CD71+ HSC/MPPs, exclusively producing erythrocytes and megakaryocytes, highly abundant in PB but rare in other adult tissues. Finally, the unique erythroid-megakaryocytic-skewing of PB is perturbed with age, in essential thrombocythemia and in beta-thalassemia. Collectively, we identify extramedullary lineage-primed HSPC reservoirs that are non-proliferative in situ and report involvement of splenic HSPCs during demand-adapted hematopoiesis. Our data also establish aberrant composition and function of circulating HSPCs as potential clinical indicators of BM dysfunction

Unique molecular and functional features of extramedullary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell reservoirs in humans.

Rare hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pools outside the bone marrow (BM) contribute to blood production in stress and disease but remain ill-defined. Although nonmobilized peripheral blood (PB) is routinely sampled for clinical management, the diagnosis and monitoring potential of PB HSPCs remain untapped, as no healthy PB HSPC baseline has been reported. Here we comprehensively delineate human extramedullary HSPC compartments comparing spleen, PB, and mobilized PB to BM using single-cell RNA-sequencing and/or functional assays. We uncovered HSPC features shared by extramedullary tissues and others unique to PB. First, in contrast to actively dividing BM HSPCs, we found no evidence of substantial ongoing hematopoiesis in extramedullary tissues at steady state but report increased splenic HSPC proliferative output during stress erythropoiesis. Second, extramedullary hematopoietic stem cells/multipotent progenitors (HSCs/MPPs) from spleen, PB, and mobilized PB share a common transcriptional signature and increased abundance of lineage-primed subsets compared with BM. Third, healthy PB HSPCs display a unique bias toward erythroid-megakaryocytic differentiation. At the HSC/MPP level, this is functionally imparted by a subset of phenotypic CD71+ HSCs/MPPs, exclusively producing erythrocytes and megakaryocytes, highly abundant in PB but rare in other adult tissues. Finally, the unique erythroid-megakaryocytic-skewing of PB is perturbed with age in essential thrombocythemia and β-thalassemia. Collectively, we identify extramedullary lineage-primed HSPC reservoirs that are nonproliferative in situ and report involvement of splenic HSPCs during demand-adapted hematopoiesis. Our data also establish aberrant composition and function of circulating HSPCs as potential clinical indicators of BM dysfunction

C9orf72-derived arginine-rich poly-dipeptides impede phase modifiers

Nuclear import receptors (NIRs) not only transport RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) but also modify phase transitions of RBPs by recognizing nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Toxic arginine-rich poly-dipeptides from C9orf72 interact with NIRs and cause nucleocytoplasmic transport deficit. However, the molecular basis for the toxicity of arginine-rich poly-dipeptides toward NIRs function as phase modifiers of RBPs remains unidentified. Here we show that arginine-rich poly-dipeptides impede the ability of NIRs to modify phase transitions of RBPs. Isothermal titration calorimetry and size-exclusion chromatography revealed that proline:arginine (PR) poly-dipeptides tightly bind karyopherin-β2 (Kapβ2) at 1:1 ratio. The nuclear magnetic resonances of Kapβ2 perturbed by PR poly-dipeptides partially overlapped with those perturbed by the designed NLS peptide, suggesting that PR poly-dipeptides target the NLS binding site of Kapβ2. The findings offer mechanistic insights into how phase transitions of RBPs are disabled in C9orf72-related neurodegeneration

ヒト人工多能性幹細胞からの好中球分化誘導

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第16356号医博第3608号新制||医||989(附属図書館)28987京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 前川 平, 教授 髙折 晃史, 教授 中辻 憲夫学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA