Poly-instanton axion inflation

We investigate the axion inflation model derived by poly-instanton effects in type II superstring theories. Poly-instanton effects are instanton effects corrected by another instanton and it can generate the modulus-axion potential with the double exponential function. Although the axion has a period of small value, this potential can have a flat region because its derivatives are exponentially suppressed by non-perturbative effects. From the view point of the cosmic inflation, such potential is interesting. In this paper, we numerically study the possibilities for realizing the cosmic inflation. We also study their spectral index and other cosmological observables, numerically.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure

F-term Moduli Stabilization and Uplifting

We study K\"ahler moduli stabilization in IIB superstring theory. We propose a new moduli stabilization mechanism by the supersymmetry-braking chiral superfield which is coupled to K\"ahler moduli in K\"ahler potential. We also study uplifting of the Large Volume Scenario (LVS) by it. In both cases, the form of superpotential is crucial for moduli stabilization. We confirm that our uplifting mechanism does not destabilize the vacuum of the LVS drastically.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure

Intracerebroventricular administration of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) peptidase inhibitors is analgesic in inflammatory pain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The peptide neurotransmitter <it>N</it>-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is the third most prevalent transmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Local, intrathecal and systemic administration of inhibitors of enzymes that inactivate NAAG decrease responses to inflammatory pain in rat models. Consistent with NAAG's activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors, this analgesia is blocked by a group II antagonist.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This research aimed at determining if analgesia obtained following systemic administration of NAAG peptidase inhibitors is due to NAAG activation of group II mGluRs in brain circuits that mediate perception of inflammatory pain. NAAG and NAAG peptidase inhibitors, ZJ43 and 2-PMPA, were microinjected into a lateral ventricle prior to injection of formalin in the rat footpad. Each treatment reduced the early and late phases of the formalin-induced inflammatory pain response in a dose-dependent manner. The group II mGluR antagonist reversed these analgesic effects consistent with the conclusion that analgesia was mediated by increasing NAAG levels and the peptide's activation of group II receptors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data contribute to proof of the concept that NAAG peptidase inhibition is a novel therapeutic approach to inflammatory pain and that these inhibitors achieve analgesia by elevating synaptic levels of NAAG within pain processing circuits in brain.</p

A model for chloroplast thylakoid membranes involving orderly arrangements of negatively charged lipidic particles containing sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

AbstractAddition of sulphoquinivosyldiacylglycerol (SL) to mixtures of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DG) induces the appearance of paracrystalline arrays of 80–100 Å lipidic particles. The hypothesis is presented that SL occupies the position in the leaflet opposite the micelle of MG or the position in the leaflet on the convex side of the bulge or cusp in the corresponding model for lipidic particles, and that these orderly arranged lipidic particles containing negatively charged SL may form part of the basis for the orderly arrangement of other molecules functioning in photosyntesis in the thylakoid membrane