Non epileptic paroxysmal events in childhood

Non epileptic paroxysmal events are recurrent movement disorders with acute onset and ending, which may mimic epilepsy. The duration, place, timing of the attacks, and state of conciousness may confuse pediatricians about the diagnosis of epilepsy and non epileptic paroxysmal events. The key point in the diagnosis is taking an accurate and detailed history. Wrong diagnosis can give rise to anxiety of both the family and the child, interruptions in the child's education, limitations in career planning, and irreversible damages in the long term. The diagnosis can prevent unnecessary drug use and psychological damage. This review aims to discuss the clinical findings, treatment, and differential diagnoses of non epileptic paroxysmal events, and to increase awareness about non epileptic paroxysmal events among pediatricians

Brain death in children

Brain death in pediatric patients is new concept and becoming more important. The definition of brain death is the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem. There are no definitive legal regulations in determining brain death in children as compared with adults. However, small children are more resistant to hypoxic brain damage and can show significant improvement despite the long-term coma. The purpose of this review and checklist for pediatric brain death is to provide a guide for appropriate diagnosis of brain death in children. (Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 99-103

Non epileptic paroxysmal events in childhood

Non epileptic paroxysmal events are recurrent movement disorders with acute onset and ending, which may mimic epilepsy. The duration, place, timing of the attacks, and state of conciousness may confuse pediatricians about the diagnosis of epilepsy and non epileptic paroxysmal events. The key point in the diagnosis is taking an accurate and detailed history. Wrong diagnosis can give rise to anxiety of both the family and the child, interruptions in the child's education, limitations in career planning, and irreversible damages in the long term. The diagnosis can prevent unnecessary drug use and psychological damage. This review aims to discuss the clinical findings, treatment, and differential diagnoses of non epileptic paroxysmal events, and to increase awareness about non epileptic paroxysmal events among pediatricians

Familial facial palsy

Facial palsy is a sporadic disease related to cold exposure, infections and psychogenic factors. In this case report, we present a 14 years old boy with familial facial palsy. Familial cases had been rarely reported. Risk of recurrence is increased at familial cases. Sporadic and familial cases must be treated with same approach. (Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47: 64-6

Epileptic syndromes of newborn and infant

Epileptic syndromes are categorized by age of onset, seizure types, clinical features, electroencephalographic findings, and response to treatment. The International League Against Epilepsy uses the age-related expression of these syndromes, allowing easy identification. Early recognition and identification of epileptic syndromes is essential to provide valuable information on management and prognosis. (Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 191-5

Yenidoğan ve sütçocuğunun epileptik sendromları

Epileptic syndromes are categorized by age of onset, seizure types, clinical features, electroencephalographic findings, and response to treatment. The International League Against Epilepsy uses the age-related expression of these syndromes, allowing easy identification. Early recognition and identification of epileptic syndromes is essential to provide valuable information on management and prognosis. (Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 191-5

Flupirtine may stop the progressive course of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive devastating disease. Along with the slow measles virus infection, apoptotic cell death has shown to be one of the major mechanisms at the pathogenesis. Volume reduction in frontotemporal cortex has seen in patients at early stages of disease. At present, there is no effective treatment to completely cure SSPE. Oral isoprinosine and intrathecal or intraventricular alpha-interferon are anti viral therapies with limited success

Ailevi yüz felci

Facial palsy is a sporadic disease related to cold exposure, infections and psychogenic factors. In this case report, we present a 14 years old boy with familial facial palsy. Familial cases had been rarely reported. Risk of recurrence is increased at familial cases. Sporadic and familial cases must be treated with same approach. (Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47: 64-6

Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: an update on disease pathogenesis and treatment.

Introduction: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most important reason for morbidity and mortality in term-born infants. Understanding pathophysiology of the brain damage is essential for the early detection of patients with high risk for HIE and development of strategies for their treatments.Areas covered: This review discusses pathophysiology of the neonatal HIE and its treatment options, including hypothermia, melatonin, allopurinol, topiramate, erythropoietin, N-acetylcyctein, magnesium sulphate and xenon.Expert commentary: Several clinical studies have been performed in order to decrease the risk of brain injury due to difficulties in the early diagnosis and treatment, and to develop strategies for better long-term outcomes. Although currently standard treatment methods include therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with moderate to severe HIE, new supportive options are needed to enhance neuroprotective effects of the hypothermia, which should aim to reduce production of the free radicals and to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions