In situ gel of triamcinolone acetonide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for improved topical ocular delivery: Tear kinetics and ocular disposition studies

© 2019 The Authors Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the best available evidence on interventions that could be implemented in the college environment to increase HPV vaccination uptake in college students who were not previously vaccinated. Methods: Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and EBSCO were searched in December 2017 to identify all literature meeting the following criteria: human subjects, English language, HPV, HPV vaccination, and college. PRISMA recommendations were followed. We focused only on manuscripts that reported vaccine uptake, excluding studies that only reported vaccine intentions. We identified 2989 articles; 101 relevant after screening; nine eligible for final qualitative review. Results: Vaccine uptake rates ranged from 5% to 53%. Theory-based variables (e.g., perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy)were associated with vaccine uptake in most studies. A study exposing participants to a narrative video about HPV vaccination led by a combination of peers and medical experts produced the greatest difference in HPV vaccination initiation compared to a control group (21.8% vs 11.8%)of all the studies reviewed. Conclusions: Few interventions resulted in substantial HPV vaccine uptake. A combination of peer and provider encouragement may be the most effective method to increase vaccine uptake in this population

Gellan gum based sol-to-gel transforming system of natamycin transfersomes improves topical ocular delivery

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are unique communities that support a high proportion of depth-endemic species distinct from shallow-water coral reefs. However, there is currently little consensus on the boundaries between shallow and mesophotic coral reefs and between upper versus lower MCEs because studies of these communities are often site specific. Here, we examine the ecological evidence for community breaks, defined here as species loss, in fish and benthic taxa between shallow reefs and MCEs globally. Location: Global MCEs. Time period: 1973–2017. Major taxa studied: Macrophytes, Porifera, Scleractinia, Hydrozoa, Octocorallia, Antipatharia and teleost fishes. Methods: We used random-effects models and breakpoint analyses on presence/absence data to identify regions of higher than expected species loss along a depth gradient of 1–69 m, based on a meta-analysis of 26 studies spanning diverse photoautotrophic and heterotrophic taxa. We then investigated the extent to which points of high faunal turnover can be explained by environmental factors, including light, temperature and nutrient availability. Results: We found evidence for a community break, indicated by a significant loss of shallow-water taxa, at ~ 60 m across several taxonomically and functionally diverse benthic groups and geographical regions. The breakpoint in benthic composition is best explained by decreasing light, which is correlated with the optical depths between 10 and 1% of surface irradiance. A concurrent shift in the availability of nutrients, both dissolved and particulate organic matter, and a shift from photoautotroph to heterotroph-dominated assemblages also occurs at ~ 60 m depth. Main conclusions: We found evidence for global community breaks across multiple benthic taxa at ~ 60 m depth, indicative of distinct community transitions between shallow and mesophotic coral ecosystems. Changes in the underwater light environment and the availability of trophic resources along the depth gradient are the most parsimonious explanations for the observed patterns

Neurological mitochondrial cytopathies

The mitochondrial cytopathies are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by structural and functional abnormalities in mitochondria. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few studies published from India till date. Selected and confirmed fourteen cases of neurological mitochondrial cytopathies with different clinical syndromes admitted between 1997 and 2000 are being reported. There were 8 male and 6 female patients. The mean age was 24.42±11.18 years (range 4-40 years). Twelve patients could be categorized into well-defined syndromes, while two belonged to undefined group. In the defined syndrome categories, three patients had MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes), three had MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibre myopathy), three cases had KSS (Kearns-Sayre Syndrome) and three were diagnosed to be suffering from mitochondrial myopathy. In the uncategorized group, one case presented with paroxysmal kinesogenic dystonia and the other manifested with generalized chorea alone. Serum lactic acid level was significantly increased in all the patients (fasting 28.96±4.59 mg%, post exercise 41.02±4.93 mg%). Muscle biopsy was done in all cases. Succinic dehydrogenase staining of muscle tissue showed subsarcolemmal accumulation of mitochondria in 12 cases. Mitochondrial DNA study could be performed in one case only and it did not reveal any mutation at nucleotides 3243 and 8344. MRI brain showed multiple infarcts in MELAS, hyperintensities in putaminal areas in chorea and bilateral cerebellar atrophy in MERRF

Glossopharyngeal schwannoma : a case report and review of literature

We report a rare case of glossopharyngeal schwannoma whose clinical presentation and the radiological work up suggested an acoustic schwannoma. The diagnosis was made at surgery, once attachment to ninth cranial nerve was seen. The clinical presentation, radiological features and surgical findings of the glossopharyngeal schwannoma are presented along with the review of literature

Case Report - Gangliogliomas: A Report of Five Cases

Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the Central Nervous System. Five Gangliogliomas were diagnosed out of 1560 brain tumours surgically resected out in a period of 5years accounting for 0. 32%. We have tried to discuss in detail the pathological features of these tumours and have mentioned the clinical and radiological features associated with them. All the slides, tissue blocks and pathology reports of the surgical specimens of gangliglioma were reviewed and the clinical and radiological data reviewed. The ages of the patients ranged from 7 - 65 years with 4 males and 1 female. The tumors were located in the lateral ventricle (a rare site), temporal, parietal and the frontal lobes with duration of seizures varying from 1-9 years. The tumors were diagnosed by the presence of a dual population of neoplastic ganglionic and glial components. The glial components consisted of pilocytic astrocytes (l case), fibrillary astrocytes (2 cases), oligodendrocytes (1 case) and anaplastic astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (1 case). There was one-grade I GG, three-Grade II GGs and one-grade III GG. Astrocytes were the commonest glial component of GGs, either pilocytic or fibrillary. Oligodendrocytes as the glial component of GGs was seen in 2 cases one of which was anaplastic and this is a rare finding

Large scale motions in a biosensor protein glucose oxidase: A combined approach by QENS, normal mode analysis, and molecular dynamics studies

The characteristics of the glucose oxidase were studied using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques. Quasi elastic neutron scattering experiments were used to obtain the vibrational frequencies of the protein. These were compared to theoretical results obtained by normal mode analysis. Results indicate a good match between the experimental and theoretical values. Molecular dynamic simulation with covariant analysis was used to study the structure and dynamics of glucose oxidase. Various parameters like the radius of gyration, root mean square fluctuations, solvent accessibility were studied for evaluating the structural stability of the protein. The frequency of vibration calculated from the three methods is used to derive the large scale motions. Theses studies were used to predict the suitable lysine residues for linkage with carbon nanotubes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc