Caracterização morfológica, morfométrica e molecular de Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae) de serpentes brasileiras naturalmente infectadas

Hepatozoon spp. são os protozoários intracelulares mais frequentemente encontrados em serpentes. Tendo em vista a variedade de formas parasitando tais animais e as divergências dos dados encontrados em literatura, o objetivo deste estudo foi tentar separar espécies de Hepatozoon de serpentes, testando oligonucleotídeos que amplifiquem regiões genômicas menos conservadas, detectando diferenças entre as espécies, bem como realizar as caracterizações morfológicas, morfométricas e moleculares de Hepatozoon spp. de serpentes naturalmente infectadas. Para tal, foram utilizadas serpentes doadas ao Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP) da Universidade Estadual Paulista de Botucatu que, em exames de rotina, mostraram-se positivos para tais parasitas. O sangue foi coletado por punção da veia caudal, foram confeccionados esfregaços sanguíneos e uma alíquota foi congelada a -20°C, para posterior extração do DNA. As caracterizações morfológicas e morfométricas foram realizadas utilizando um software especializado para análise de imagens. Dos 215 espécimes investigados, foram eleitos cinco exemplares de Crotalus durissus terrificus, nos quais foi visualizado um tipo de gamonte em cada espécime. Pela análise morfológica e morfométrica, estes gamontes foram agrupados em três populações. As alterações provocadas por tais parasitas, nas hemácias, também foram analisadas. Para a caracterização molecular das espécies de Hepatozoon através de sequenciamento genético, foram testados sete pares de oligonucleotídeos que amplificam regiões distintas do gene rDNA utilizando-se a técnica da PCR. Os testes realizados apontaram os pares de oligonucleotídeos HepF300/Hep900 e HEMO1/HEMO2 como eficientes em amplificar e caracterizar regiões genômicas Hepatozoon spp. de serpentes...Hepatozoon spp. are the most frequent intracellular protozoa found in snakes. Given the variety of forms parasitizing these animals and differences of the data found in literature, the aim of this study was to attempt to separate Hepatozoon species of snakes, testing oligonucleotides that amplify less reliable genomic regions, detecting differences among species, as well as perform the morphological, morphometric and molecular characterization of Hepatozoon spp. of naturally infected snakes. For this purpose, were used snakes donated to Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals of the São Paulo State University/Botucatu (CEVAP) that, in routine were detected positive for such parasites. Blood was collected by the tail vein puncturing, blood smears were prepared and an aliquot was frozen at -20° C for subsequent DNA extraction. The morphological and morphometric characterization were performed by using a specialized image analysis software. Of the 215 investigated animals, five specimens of Crotalus durissus terrificus were elected, in which were found five parasitic forms that, by morphometric analysis, were grouped into three populations. The changes caused by these parasites in red blood cells were also analyzed. For the molecular characterization of Hepatozoon species through genetic sequencing, were tested seven pairs of primers that amplify different regions of the rDNA gene using the PCR technique. Only the primers HepF300/Hep900 and HEMO1/HEMO2 were efficient in amplifying and characterizing genomic regions of snakes Hepatozoon spp.. The best results were achieved when the sequences amplified from the both primers were analyzed together and the results were associated with the morphology and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Morphologic and morphometric analysis of Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae) of snakes

Hepatozoon species are the most abundant hemoparasites of snakes. Its identification has been based mainly on the morphologic characterization of the gamonts in the peripheral blood of the vertebrate host and also of the cysts found in the internal organs of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Using a computerized image analysis system, we studied five species of Hepatozoon from recently captured snakes in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the importance of the morphology and morphometry of the gamonts for the characterization of Hepatozoon species and to analyze the morphologic changes induced in the erythrocytes by the parasite. The studied species were H. terzii of Boa constrictor amarali, Hepatozoon sp. of Crotalus durissusterrificus, H. philodryasi of Philodryas patagoniensis, and H. migonei and H. cyclagrasi of Hydrodynastes gigas. We observed three different groups, one of them including the species H. terzii, H. philodryasi and Hepatozoon sp. of C. durissus terrificus; and the other two consisting of H. migonei and H. cyclagrasi. Degree of alterations in the erythrocytes was variable and it may be useful for characterization of Hepatozoon species

Morphologic and morphometric analysis of Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae) of snakes

Hepatozoon species are the most abundant hemoparasites of snakes. Its identification has been based mainly on the morphologic characterization of the gamonts in the peripheral blood of the vertebrate host and also of the cysts found in the internal organs of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Using a computerized image analysis system, we studied five species of Hepatozoon from recently captured snakes in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the importance of the morphology and morphometry of the gamonts for the characterization of Hepatozoon species and to analyze the morphologic changes induced in the erythrocytes by the parasite. The studied species were H. terzii of Boa constrictor amarali, Hepatozoon sp. of Crotalus durissusterrificus, H. philodryasi of Philodryas patagoniensis, and H. migonei and H. cyclagrasi of Hydrodynastes gigas. We observed three different groups, one of them including the species H. terzii, H. philodryasi and Hepatozoon sp. of C. durissus terrificus; and the other two consisting of H. migonei and H. cyclagrasi. Degree of alterations in the erythrocytes was variable and it may be useful for characterization of Hepatozoon species

Morphologic and Morphometric Analysis of Hepatozoon spp. (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae) of Snakes

Hepatozoon   species are the most abundant hemoparasites of snakes. Its identification has been based mainly on the morphologic characterization of the gamonts in the peripheral blood of the vertebrate host and also of the cysts found in the internal organs of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Using a computerized image analysis system, we studied five species of Hepatozoon from recently captured snakes in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the importance of the morphology and morphometry of the gamonts for the characterization of Hepatozoon species and to analyze the morphologic changes induced in the erythrocytes by the parasite. The studied species were H. terzii of Boa constrictor amarali   , Hepatozoon sp. of Crotalus durissus terrificus   , H. philodryasi of Philodryas patagoniensis   , and H. migonei and H. cyclagrasi of Hydrodynastes gigas   . We observed three different groups, one of them including the species H. terzii, H. philodryasi and Hepatozoon sp. of C. durissus terrificus; and the other two consisting of H. migonei and H. cyclagrasi. Degree of alterations in the erythrocytes was variable and it may be useful for characterization of Hepatozoon species

Description of three new species of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae) from Rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) based on molecular, morphometric and morphologic characters

Hepatozoon spp. are commonly found infecting snakes. Since the latter are parasitized by diverse forms and data in the literature show divergence, we studied Hepatozoon spp. diversity on Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes using both molecular and morphological approaches. Naturally infected animals were employed. Blood was collected, blood smears were prepared and an aliquot was stored at -20. °C for DNA extraction. Five specimens of C. durissus terrificus were selected, each of them infected with one gamont type. Morphological and morphometric analyses of the found gamonts led to their grouping into three populations. For molecular characterization, seven oligonucleotide pairs that amplify distinct regions of rDNA gene were tested by adopting the PCR technique. Only the oligonucleotide pairs HepF300/Hep900 and HEMO1/HEMO2 were efficient in amplifying and distinguishing different isolates of Hepatozoon spp. from snakes. The better results were obtained when both oligonucleotide pairs were used in association. Based on the molecular and morphologic differences, three new species were proposed: Hepatozoon cuestensis sp. nov.; Hepatozoon cevapii sp. nov. and Hepatozoon massardii sp. nov. This is the first description of new Hepatozoon species from snakes, based on molecular characterization and morphological data, in South America. © 2013 Elsevier Inc