The socializing function of the university

The article considers the role of the university as a social institution in the urban space. The article establishes the connection and interdependence among the phenomena of the city, the university, the type of rationality, and the type of communication. The transformations of urban space and the functions of the city in history affect the organizational forms and functions of the university. The research environment at the university, using the communication practices that have developed in society, creates a certain type of rationality. The nonclassical type of rationality is formed in the industrial city environment, and university education is changing towards professionalization, and commercialization, changing communication practices and values that need to be mastered for socialization into the industrial world. The post-nonclassical type of rationality coincides with the emergence of a new type of university, created within the framework of the Bologna Process. This is associated with the emergence of so-called multiple identities, formed by a variety of socialization practices. Universities are operating in the global space of global cities and megalopolises. The convergence of these phenomena results in the transformation of the value perception of the world and the axiological paradigm of society. The activity-based method of analyzing the socialization process allowed determining the need to create the idea of a university, based on a value approach. Values and value-based communication practices in the educational system of the university allow moving to a sustainable development society

The Inactivation of LPS Biosynthesis Genes in E. coli Cells Leads to Oxidative Stress

Impaired lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria results in the “deep rough” phenotype, which is characterized by increased sensitivity of cells to various hydrophobic compounds, including antibiotics novobiocin, actinomycin D, erythromycin, etc. The present study showed that E. coli mutants carrying deletions of the ADP-heptose biosynthesis genes became hypersensitive to a wide range of antibacterial drugs: DNA gyrase inhibitors, protein biosynthesis inhibitors (aminoglycosides, tetracycline), RNA polymerase inhibitors (rifampicin), and β-lactams (carbenicillin). In addition, it was found that inactivation of the gmhA, hldE, rfaD, and waaC genes led to dramatic changes in the redox status of cells: a decrease in the pool of reducing NADPH and ATP equivalents, the concentration of intracellular cysteine, a change in thiol homeostasis, and a deficiency in the formation of hydrogen sulfide. In “deep rough” mutants, intensive formation of reactive oxygen species was observed, which, along with a lack of reducing agents, such as reactive sulfur species or NADPH, leads to oxidative stress and an increase in the number of dead cells in the population. Within the framework of modern ideas about the role of oxidative stress as a universal mechanism of the bactericidal action of antibiotics, inhibition of the enzymes of ADP-heptose biosynthesis is a promising direction for increasing the effectiveness of existing antibiotics and solving the problem of multidrug resistance

VEGF- and VEGFR2-Targeted Liposomes for Cisplatin Delivery to Glioma Cells

Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to brain tumors, especially glioblastoma multiforme, which is the most frequent and aggressive type, is one of the important objectives in nanomedicine. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor type II (VEGFR2) are promising targets because they are overexpressed by not only core tumor cells but also by migrated glioma cells, which are responsible for resistance and rapid progression of brain tumors. The purpose of the present study was to develop the liposomal drug delivery system combining enhanced loading capacity of cisplatin and high binding affinity to glioma cells. This was achieved by using of highly soluble cisplatin analogue, <i>cis</i>-diamminedinitratoplatinum­(II), and antibodies against the native form of VEGF or VEGFR2 conjugated to liposome surface. The developed drug delivery system revealed sustained drug release profile, high affinity to antigens, and increased uptake by glioma C6 and U-87 MG cells. Pharmacokinetic study on glioma C6-bearing rats revealed prolonged blood circulation time of the liposomal formulation. The above features enabled the present drug delivery system to overcome both poor pharmacokinetics typical for platinum formulations and low loading capacity typical for conventional liposomal cisplatin formulations

Abstracts of The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium

This abstract book contains abstracts of the various research ideas presented at The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium.The RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium served as a perfect venue for practitioners, engineers, researchers, scientists, managers and decision-makers from all over the world to exchange ideas and technology about the latest innovation developments dealing with risk minimization