Study of the Efficiency of Heat-Supply Systems with Steam Turbine CHP Plants, Taking into Account Changes in the Temperature of the Delivery Water during Transportation

The aim of the work is to study the efficiency of steam turbine CHPPs in heat-supply systems, taking into account changes in the temperature of delivery water during transportation for vari-ous initial and extended heating regulation schedules. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: calculation of the dependences of the delivery water cooling in the supply and re-turn pipelines on the air temperature, construction of temperature and flow rate schedules of de-livery water adjusted for heat losses during transportation, calculation of energy efficiency indi-cators for the operation of a model CHPP with various options for correcting schedules of deliv-ery water. The most significant results are the following. Firstly, for the first time the method of the degree-by-degree calculation of heat losses during transportation and their distribution be-tween pipelines of heating networks was used. Secondly, the dependences of the delivery water cooling in these pipelines on the outside air temperature are calculated. Thirdly, it has been es-tablished that the specific reference fuel consumption for electricity supply significantly de-creases when switching to more efficient temperature schedules for heating regulation, but changes slightly when switching from natural regulation by flow rate to regulation by the tem-perature of the delivery water. The significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their use for an accurate assessment of the efficiency of heat supply systems with different heat-ing control schedules and for determining the feasibility of correcting temperature schedules in order to take into account the cooling of delivery water during transportation

MODELING A METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ON THE PRINCIPLES OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUODIDACTICS (INITIAL STAGE OF LEARNING)

Abstract. This paper is devoted to the modeling of a humanistically oriented methodology for teaching a foreign language, in particular, the RL as a foreign language. Its issues are related to the differences between the existential needs of a foreign student and program materials on the Russian language (elementary and basic levels). The relevance of the work consists in the need to develop a teaching model that corresponds to the existential, including communicative needs of a student's personality. The object of the study is the educational process of Russian as a foreign language at the preparatory faculties of Russian higher education institutions. The subject of the study is a linguodidactic model of the educational process based on the principles of anthropological linguodidactics. The purposeof the study is the design of a basic linguodidactic model, focused on an individual student. The material of the study is the educational process of Russian as a foreign language in the conditions of preparatory faculties of Russian highereducation institutions. The novelty of the study lies in the application of the principles of anthropological linguodidactics in the creation of a humanistically oriented methodology for teaching Russian to foreigners at thepreparatory faculties of Russia. The theoretical significance of the study is determining the criteria for modeling a humanistically oriented methodology for teaching Russian to foreign students of the pre-higher education institutionperiod of studying in the country of the studied language. Keywords: anthropological linguistics, foreign languages, Russian as a foreign language, pre-higher educationinstitution period of studying, teaching model, center and periphery of the educational process, language environmentnational language personality, communicative interaction

Energy and Economic Efficiency of Gas Turbine Units and Heat Pumps in Power-supply Systems in the Arctic Regions of Russia

Currently, in publications, there is some controversy about the efficiency of various power-supply systems operating in extreme climatic conditions. The need to dispel this controversy explains this study's relevance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of cogeneration gas turbine and microturbine units as the heat-and-power source for a camp-like residential facility in the Arctic regions of Russia. A boiler plant and a heat pump system are analyzed as heat sources for the afore-mentioned camp. The authors used their own mathematical models of the units to do the study. The estimates were based on the annual facility-specific power and heat consumption data, additionally climatic conditions and fuel kind (natural gas) were taken into consideration. The study resulted in defining the plants' limits of equal fuel consumption, depending on the substituted power output efficiency and the power/heat production cost to the price of gas correlation. Another result was the evaluation of the power efficiency (by the natural gas consumption) and economic feasibility, as well as the payback term. We concluded that in case the natural gas was the only fuel available the ground source vapor-compressing heat pump systems were power-wise and economically unsound, provided they were operated under environmental conditions typical for the Russian North and according to the region-specific heat-supply schedule. The outcome of this study can be used when planning/designing the power-supply facilities in extreme climatic conditions, as well as in evaluating/estimating the power-supply systems' efficiency

Efficiency of the Operation of the Cogeneration Steam Turbine Plants at theVariable Heat and ElectricLoad Schedules

The urgency of the work is conditioned by the need to improvethe management methods of the operation modes of the power plant by creating software tools for predicting the performance of equipment when the conditions of its operation change. In this regard, the aim of the study is to carry out a detailed calculation research of such modes using uniquecomputational mathematical models based on the actual turbine power characteristics. Following tasks were set to achieve it: first, to calculate the limits of change for the main energy and economic indicators in real operating conditions on the example of the turbines T-50-130 of the Kirov CHP-4; secondly, to identify and describe the possible resources to increase the efficiency of the operation of the cogeneration turbine plants under conditions of variable heat and electric load schedules. The received results testifythat at today's prices for energy carriers, additional power generation by the thermal cycle of CHP plants is economically feasible during all day. The low economic efficiency of some common methods of generating peak power is shown, in particular, by changing the degree of opening the sliding grids in the low-pressure section. The proposed approach can be implemented and used to optimize the operation of CHP plants in the Russian wholesale electricity and capacity market. The results of the study make it possible to conclude that most steam turbine CHP plants have significant reserves for saving fuel and energy resources, which can be realizedby optimizing turbine operationmodes