Epigrafija i naselja u Rimskoj Istri

L’objet de cette communication est de montrer en quoi l’épigraphie, très abondante en Istrie, peut contribuer à certains aspects de l’étude du territoire : indice de l’existence d’un habitat groupé, précision sur sa nature ou encore identification du propriétaire d’une villa, tout en sachant combien nous sommes tributaires, d’une part, du hasard des découvertes et, d’autre part, de l’incertitude sur l’origine de certaines inscriptions, déplacées à l’époque médiévale ou moderne, voire même dès l’Antiquité.Istra se smatra jednom od jadranskih regija najbogatijih rimskim natpisima rasutim po cijelom poluotoku. Istra je ujedno poluotok s najvećim brojem arheoloških nalazišta, prije svega koncentriranih na zapadnoj obali. Uspoređujući dva izvora podataka, dolazimo do veoma zanimljivih i preciznih zaključaka o vlasnicima određenog broja vila u promatranom razdoblju, i do boljeg razumijevanja ili otkrivanja nekih naselja izvan četiri glavna istarska antička grada u carsko doba: Tergeste, Parentium, Pola i Nesactium. Stoga je vrijedno prići razmatranju problema razvitka naselja i ujedno njihovog grupiranja u kasnoj antici, a možda i ranije

Evaluation of the user-friendliness of seven new generation intensive care ventilators

Objective: To explore the user-friendliness and ergonomics of seven new generation intensive care ventilators. Design: Prospective task-performing study. Setting: Intensive care research laboratory, university hospital. Methods: Ten physicians experienced in mechanical ventilation, but without prior knowledge of the ventilators, were asked to perform eight specific tasks [turning the ventilator on; recognizing mode and parameters; recognizing and setting alarms; mode change; finding and activating the pre-oxygenation function; pressure support setting; stand-by; finding and activating non-invasive ventilation (NIV) mode]. The time needed for each task was compared to a reference time (by trained physiotherapist familiar with the devices). A time >180s was considered a task failure. Results: For each of the tests on the ventilators, all physicians' times were significantly higher than the reference time (P<0.001). A mean of 13±8 task failures (16%) was observed by the ventilator. The most frequently failed tasks were mode and parameter recognition, starting pressure support and finding the NIV mode. Least often failed tasks were turning on the pre-oxygenation function and alarm recognition and management. Overall, there was substantial heterogeneity between machines, some exhibiting better user-friendliness than others for certain tasks, but no ventilator was clearly better that the others on all points tested. Conclusions: The present study adds to the available literature outlining the ergonomic shortcomings of mechanical ventilators. These results suggest that closer ties between end-users and manufacturers should be promoted, at an early development phase of these machines, based on the scientific evaluation of the cognitive processes involved by users in the clinical settin

Performance of noninvasive ventilation modes on ICU ventilators during pressure support: abench model study

Objective: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is often applied with ICU ventilators. However, leaks at the patient-ventilator interface interfere with several key ventilator functions. Many ICU ventilators feature an NIV-specific mode dedicated to preventing these problems. The present bench model study aimed to evaluate the performance of these modes. Design and setting: Bench model study in an intensive care research laboratory of auniversity hospital. Methods: Eight ICU ventilators, widely available in Europe and featuring an NIV mode, were connected by an NIV mask to alung model featuring aplastic head to mimic NIV conditions, driven by an ICU ventilator imitating patient effort. Tests were conducted in the absence and presence of leaks, the latter condition with and without activation of the NIV mode. Trigger delay, trigger-associated inspiratory workload, and pressurization were tested in conditions of normal respiratory mechanics, and cycling was also assessed in obstructive and restrictive conditions. Results: On most ventilators leaks led to an increase in trigger delay and workload, adecrease in pressurization, and delayed cycling. On most ventilators the NIV mode partly or totally corrected these problems, but with large variations between machines. Furthermore, on some ventilators the NIV mode worsened the leak-induced dysfunction. Conclusions: The results of this bench-model NIV study confirm that leaks interfere with several key functions of ICU ventilators. Overall, NIV modes can correct part or all of this interference, but with wide variations between machines in terms of efficiency. Clinicians should be aware of these differences when applying NIV with an ICU ventilato

Automatic adjustment of pressure support by acomputer-driven knowledge-based system during noninvasive ventilation: afeasibility study

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of using aknowledge-based system designed to automatically titrate pressure support (PS) to maintain the patient in a"respiratory comfort zone” during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with acute respiratory failure. Design and setting: Prospective crossover interventional study in an intensive care unit of auniversity hospital. Patients: Twenty patients. Interventions: After initial NIV setting and startup in conventional PS by the chest physiotherapist NIV was continued for 45 min with the automated PS activated. Measurements and results: During automated PS minute-volume was maintained constant while respiratory rate decreased significantly from its pre-NIV value (20 ± 3 vs. 25 ± 3 bpm). There was atrend towards aprogressive lowering of dyspnea. In hypercapnic patients PaCO2 decreased significantly from 61 ± 9 to 51 ± 2 mmHg, and pH increased significantly from 7.31 ± 0.05 to 7.35 ± 0.03. Automated PS was well tolerated. Two system malfunctions occurred prompting physiotherapist intervention. Conclusions: The results of this feasibility study suggest that the system can be used during NIV in patients with acute respiratory failure. Further studies should now determine whether it can improve patient-ventilator interaction and reduce caregiver workloa

Helium-oxygen decreases inspiratory effort and work of breathing during pressure support in intubated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective: To evaluate the impact of helium-oxygen (He/O2) on inspiratory effort and work of breathing (WOB) in intubated COPD patients ventilated with pressure support. Design and setting: Prospective crossover interventional study in the medical ICU of a university hospital. Patients and participants: Ten patients. Interventions: Sequential inhalation (30min each) of three gas mixtures: (a) air/O2, (b) He/O2 (c) air/O2, at constant FIO2 and level of pressure support. Measurements and results: Inspiratory effort and WOB were determined by esophageal and gastric pressure. Throughout the study pressure support and FIO2 were 14±3cmH2O and 0.33±0.07 respectively. Compared to Air/O2, He/O2 reduced the number of ineffective breaths (4±5 vs. 9±5 breaths/min), intrinsic PEEP (3.1±2 vs. 4.8±2cmH2O), the magnitude of negative esophageal pressure swings (6.7±2 vs. 9.1±4.9cmH2O), pressure-time product (42±37 vs. 67±65cmH2Os−1min−1), and total WOB (11±3 vs. 18±10J/min). Elastic (6±1 vs. 10±6J/min) and resistive (5±1 vs. 9±4J/min) components of the WOB were decreased by He/O2. Conclusions: In intubated COPD patients ventilated with pressure support He/O2 reduces intrinsic PEEP, the number of ineffective breaths, and the magnitude of inspiratory effort and WOB. He/O2 could prove useful in patients with high levels of PEEPi and WOB ventilated in pressure support, for example, during weanin

Automatic adjustment of noninvasive pressure support with abilevel home ventilator in patients with acute respiratory failure: afeasibility study

Objective: To test the feasibility of applying noninvasive ventilation (NIV) using aprototype algorithm implemented in abilevel ventilation device designed to adjust pressure support (PS) to maintain aclinician-set alveolar ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure after initial stabilization. Design and setting: Prospective crossover interventional study in an intensive care unit, university hospital. Patients: 19 patients receiving NIV for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (13 men, 6 women; mean age 70 ± 11 years). Methods: The same bilevel ventilator was used with manually adjusted PS and with the automated algorithm (autoPS), set to maintain the same alveolar ventilation as in PS. Sequence (measurements at end of each period): (a) prior to initiating NIV (baseline 1); (b) 45 min with manually set PS; (c) 60 min without NIV; (d) 45 min with autoPS; (e) 60 min without NIV; (f) 45 min with manually set PS. Results: The magnitude of decrease in PaCO2 and increase in pH with autoPS was comparable to that of conventional PS, with the same alveolar ventilation and level of PS. No technical problem occurred in autoPS mode, and no NIV trial had to be discontinued because of patient discomfort. Conclusions: These results suggest that the alveolar ventilation based automatic control of PS during NIV with abilevel device is feasible and leads to beneficial effects in patients with acute respiratory failure comparable to those of manually set PS. Further studies should now explore the potential of this system over longer periods in patients with acute and chronic respiratory failur

Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges « Lugdunum Convenarum »

Date de l'opération : 1990 - 1992 (FP) ; 1989 (FP) Inventeur(s) : Tassaux Francis Ce secteur en avant de la façade sud du macellum (Fig. n°1 : Vue d’ensemble du niveau de sol tibérien (au fond, mur intérieur du portique et tranchée Bernard Sapène)) a fait l'objet à partir de 1954 (Gallia, 1955 : 204-205) de multiples opérations de fouilles conduites par Bernard Sapène jusqu'en 1963 (Gallia, 1964 : 443) qui ont donné lieu en 1966 à un plan de restitution (Gallia, 1966 : 423, fig. 13). Le const..

AdriAtlas et IllyrAtlas, deux atlas informatisés de l’Antiquité romaine et du haut Moyen Âge

AdriAtlas, mis en ligne en novembre 2013, est un système d’information géographique (SIG) issu d’un programme ANR, dont le but est de couvrir tous les sites de l’espace adriatique, entre le xie siècle av. J.-C. et le milieu du viiie siècle apr. J.-C. Il est alimenté par 19 centres de recherche albanais, croates, français, italiens et slovène et est lié à AdriaZot, une bibliographie collaborative Zotero. Depuis 2018, il est prolongé par IllyrAtlas, atlas informatisé de l’Illyricum, dans sa définition de l’espace situé entre le monde grec et hellénophone et le Danube (pour le Haut-Empire, les provinces de Dalmatie, de Pannonie et la partie occidentale de la Mésie, devenue Mésie supérieure en 86, ainsi que celles de Norique et de Rhétie) ; IllyrAtlas est lié à la bibliographie collaborative IllyriZot. Les deux atlas, multilingues, sont consultables en libre accès (open access) par tout public. Ce sont à la fois des atlas et des encyclopédies et des instruments de recherche et de publication.AdriAtlas was made available on-line in November 2013. It is a geographic information system (GIS) developed for an ANR program with the purpose of including all sites located in the ancient Adriatic area, between the 11th century BCE and the middle of the 8th century CE. The database is populated by 19 research centers from Albania, Croatia, France, Italy and Slovenia, and is interlinked with AdriaZot, a collaborative Zotero bibliography. Since 2018 it has been extended with IllyrAtlas, a digitalised atlas of the Illyricum, the area between the Greek or hellenophone world and the Danube – for the High Roman Empire it includes the Dalmatian and Pannonian provinces and the part of Moesia which became Moesia Superior in 86, as well as the Noricum and the Rhaetia provinces. It is linked to the IllyriZot collaborative bibliography. The two atlases are multilingual, and available in open access to everyone. They are not only atlases and encyclopaedias, but also tools for research and publication

Kopfschmerzen und passagere Aphasie bei einer 35-jährigen Patientin

Zusammenfassung: Wir schildern den Fall einer 35-jährigen Patientin, die unter einer fulminant verlaufenden Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis litt und verstarb. Die Besonderheit dieses Falls ist, dass die junge Frau nicht direkt aus einem Endemiegebiet stammte und die Krankheit nicht, wie eigentlich typisch, im Frühling auftrat. Weiterhin zeigen wir auf, dass auch außerhalb der klassischen Endemiegebiete mit einer Zunahme an durch Zecken übertragenen Krankheiten zu rechnen ist. So kommen Zecken, wahrscheinlich bedingt durch den Klimawandel, zunehmend auch in höheren Lagen vo

Loron - Lorun, Parenzo - Poreč, Istria - Istra. Maritimna vila u Porečkom ageru: Istraživačka kampanja 2010.

La campagna 2010 presso il grande atelier nordparentino di Loron ha continuato l’indagine all’interno del modulo architettonico orientale e ha permesso di integrare ulteriormente le conoscenze sugli apparati tecnologici e produttivi di questo complesso costiero. Attraverso il rinvenimento di un’ulteriore fornace (ξ) all’interno dell’ambiente (45) che custodiva le strutture da fuoco destinate alla produzione della ceramica da trasporto (anfore Dressel 6B soprattutto), si è ottenuto il riscontro tangibile dell’ipotesi ricostruttiva formulata in base ai dati precedentemente noti: l’ambiente era stato calibrato sin dalla prima fase costruttiva, risalente all’inizio del I sec. D.C., per accogliere quattro grandi fornaci (ζ, Θ, κ, ξ ) tipologicamente (Cuomo di Caprio II b) e dimensionalmente omologhe, disposte in batteria longitudinale (E-W), isoorientate con prefurni a S e unite a coppie, separate tra loro da un setto murario mediano. Lo scavo dei loro crolli in corrispondenza dei passaggi di servizio ai prefurni, inoltre, ha permesso una più affidabile seriazione delle ulteriori fornaci(δ, ε, μ ) che, tra fine I e IV secolo d.C., hanno trovato spazio in questo contesto, nonché di individuare importanti interventi di manutenzione ai grandi apparati fornacali, risalenti sia al periodo neroniano, sia a quello domizianeo (laterizi in opera bollati Calvia Crispinilla e Germanicus). I sondaggi effettuati all’interno dell’ipotizzato essiccatoio orientale (49), invece, sembrano escludere la presenza di aree tecnologiche specializzate e confermano l’utilizzo di questo spazio d’ala come area di servizio e deposito. Interessanti riscontri, poi, sono giunti dai saggi effettuati nel settore occidentale della corte: il lungo ambiente che chiude il lato ovest dello spazio aperto (39), infatti, ha mostrato una tecnica costruttiva che prevedeva un alzato mosso da semicolonne in opus mixtum, così come già era stato rilevato presso il simmetrico ambiente orientale (43). Anche l’ambiente (38) collocato immediatamente a sud del bacino di contenimento idrico, infine, pur proponendo una geometria che deroga dalla rigida ortogonalità degli spazi dominante nell’opificio, sembra esser stato realizzato già nella prima fase del complesso e, benché non sia stato ancora possibile individuarne la destinazione funzionale, esso deve aver rivestito un ruolo non secondario dal momento che risulta esser stato oggetto di numerosi interventi per mantenerlo in efficienza lungo tutto l’arco della vita produttiva di Loron.Godina 2010. smatra se prijelaznom godinom za istraživanja koja se provode na velikom keramičarskom proizvodnom središtu Loron (proizvodni sklop koji se prostire na otprilike hektar i pol površine na južnom obalnom dijelu istoimenog rta na sjeveru Poreštine, a koji je arhitektonski podijeljen na dva susjedna, jasno određena, terasasto organizirana područja, sklop koji je vjerojatno sagrađen na izmaku I. stoljeća po. Kr, a koji je bio aktivan sigurno do kraja IV. stoljeća te je bio, barem prva dva stoljeća svojeg postojanja, izrazito specijaliziran za proizvodnju amfora za ulje). Obnovljen je petogodišnji sporazum između Zavičajnog muzeja Poreštine iz Poreča (Hrvatska), Sveučilišta u Bordeauxu 3, Francuske škole (Ecole Française) u Rimu (Francuska) i Sveučilišta u Padovi (Italija). Ustvari, svi smo zajedno osmislili nacrt petogodišnjeg plana namijenjenog Konzervatorskom odjelu u Puli zaduženom za područje Istarske županije (kao ustanovi ministarstva zaduženoj za izdavanje odobrenja za iskapanja i istraživanja), a koji je bio neophodan kako bi se pokrenula nova sezona istraživanja pred neizbježnom potrebom da se osmisle strategije vezane uz konzervaciju i vrjednovanje onih struktura koje su do sada izašle na svjetlost dana zbog velike opasnosti od propadanja i slabog odjeka u turističkoj promidžbi općine Tar-Vabriga na čijem se ozemlju nalazi ovo arheloško nalazište. Zbog toga smo svoje aktivnosti usmjerili na oba područja, odnosno kako na područje istraživanja na terenu, tako i na područje zaštite i vrjednovanja nalazišta s ciljem da rad na prvom području stvori temelje kako bi se moglo primjereno promišljati drugo područje. Tijekom ove kampane iskopavanja, dakle, aktivnosti su bile usmjerene prema istraživanju istočnog dijela sklopa koji je najviše i izronio na svjetlost dana, kako s obzirom na svoj prostorni raspored, tako i s obzirom na svoju svrhu. Poglavito je dovršeno iskapanje, na razini tlocrta, velikih peći namijenjenih proizvodnji amfora smještenih točno u središte niza prostora koji se nalaze tik južno od otkrivenog dvorišta. Tako je objektivno potvrđena rekonstrukcija tlocrta koja odgovara onoj koju smo do tada bili pretpostavljali te smo istovremeno dobili potvrdu da je taj tlocrt točno izveden pri gradnji sklopa, u njegovoj prvoj fazi života, prema projektu koji je vodio računa i o najsitnijim pojedinostima. Osim što smo mogli potvrditi postojanje četiriju monumentalnih peći u baterijama, pravokutnog oblika, orijentacije sjever – jug s praefurnijima na jugu, organiziranih u parove i podijeljenih zidom koji je predstavljao liniju simetrije, kako cjelokupnog prostora, tako i dviju parova peći, bili smo u prilici i potvrditi kako su ove četiri peći bile u funkciji u isto vrijeme te kako su izgrađene savršeno jednake i što se tiče unutarnjeg dizajna i što se tiče rješenja vezanih uz njihovu konstrukciju, uključujući i sustav međuprostora koji je odjeljivao parove peći. Iskop prostora ispred praefurnija istočnog para peći dao nam je osnove za određivanje trajanja života peći (s opekom u postupku izrade na kojoj se nalazi žig CRISPINILLA u ruševini istočnije peći) te u kojem su odnosu bile velike peći s nizom manjih peći koje su, u različito vrijeme, nastale u blizini južnoistočnog kuta prostora (s ulomcima kasnoantičkih amfora i malih amfora te ulomcima glazirane keramike ukrašene kotačićem i proizvedenom ondje u III. i IV. stoljeću). Pokusni iskopi koji su izvedeni na zapadnom i južnom dijelu bazena za vodu, smještenog u blizini sjeverozapadnog kuta središnjeg dvorišta, osim numizmatičkih nalaza iz IV. stoljeća koji se mogu povezati sa završnim fazama života sklopa, iznjedrili su i segment dvaju pragova postavljenih jedan na drugoga što govori o potrebi, koja je u određenom trenutku postala hitna, da se podigne razina poda unutar nalazišta, potreba koju smo već prije bili zamijetili u kontekstu raširene pojave asanacije zemljišta amforama na prethodnim uporabnim plohama, uočenima unutar istočnog područja sklopa. Koncentracija zahvata u ovom prostoru, naposljetku, nastala je s ciljem da se izvrše i prvi radovi na zaštiti sklopa, pa tako i postavljanje lagane ograde koja bi ujedno mogla služiti i kao oglasna ploča kako bi brojni posjetitelji došli do potrebnih podataka, kao i s ciljem da se izvrše procjene (pa i one ekonomske) kako bi se mogla izvršiti i konzervacija dosad iskopanih struktura i mogući zahvati rekonstrukcije/konsolidacije tehnoloških sustava koji su ondje smješteni