Ismā‘īl Anqarawī’s Commentary on Book Seven of the Mathnawī: A Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Sufi Controversy

It is commonly accepted by Rūmī scholars that Rūmī’s Mathnawī is composed of six volumes. However, a few sources indicate the possibility of an extra volume known as “Book Seven” of the Mathnawī. My study particularly focuses on the unpublished commentary (sharḥ) on Book Seven written by Ismā‘īl Anqarawī (d. 1631), the most important Ottoman commentator on the Mathnawī. It is an addendum to his commentary on the Mathnawī entitled Majmū‘at al-Laṭā’if wa Maṭmūrat al-Ma‘ārif (Collection of Subtleties and Hidden Store of Knowledge). Since the commentary and its publication received major criticism from Sufis belonging to the Mevlevī order, it is the aim of this study to explore the reasons for the composition of the commentary. Why did Anqarawī, a respected Mevlevī shaykh who was in charge of Gālātā Sufi lodge and taught the Mathnawīfor several years, devote his energy to writing a separate commentary on a text widely considered to be spurious? My study is based primarily on the textual analysis and close examination of 45 Ottoman manuscripts of Anqarawī’s sharḥ, which I consulted in the Süleymāniye library, Konya’s Mevlānā Museum, Bursa’s Inebey Manuscript Library, and Ankara’s Mellī Library. I argue that the debate in which Anqarawī engaged can be divided into two parts: First, that the sharḥ encountered heavy criticism within the Mevlevī circle for its falsification and spurious nature, and second, that the subjects discussed in the sharḥ resulted in strong opposition from orthodox ‘ulamā’ on the grounds that it promoted bid‘a (“innovation” or “heresy”). By examining Anqarawī’s introduction, which presents a detailed account of his debate with Mevlevī Sufis and Shaykhs, I argue that Anqarawī claimed authority as the ultimate commentator and Mathnawī-khān (Mathnawī-reciter) among the Mevlevī Sufis, a claim that was bolstered by his closeness to Sulṭān Murād IV (d. 1640). Given that Anqarawī scholarship is only recently emerging and his monumental commentary has not been studied properly, the present work contributes to the study of Rūmī and reception of his Mathnawī not only in the Persian speaking regions, but also within Ottoman society. This study will shed light on various aspects of the social and religious debates among the ‘ulamā’ in the 17th-century Ottoman Empire. It will also allow for a better understanding of the intellectual milieu of the empire, the social status and political roles of the ‘ulamā’ and the power wielded by official religious institutions and their affiliated scholars

Performance Comparison Between Variable and Fixed Signature Codes in DS-CDMA Systems

In a CDMA or SCMA system, users can use a fixed signature for the whole transmission interval. But there is the possibility for two users to have highly correlated signatures. Hence, high interference exists in the system, and it will degrade the performance. On the other hand, if the users use variable signatures for spreading each modulation symbol, then the interference between the users will not be fixed for all the transmissions.In this way, we are avoiding clustering error symbols resulted from the high interference. As we show in this thesis, this prediction about better performance of variable spreading is not always true. We have discussed several scenarios and shown the performance for both the fixed and variable signature codes

Advances in Nanocatalysis Research for Carbon Nanotubes Formation and Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol

Catalysts daily accelerate and boost thousands of different chemical reactions, and thereby form the basis for the multibillion dollar chemical industry worldwide and indispensable environmental protective technologies. Research in nanotechnology and nanoscience is expected to have a great impact on the development of new catalysts. The detailed understanding of chemistry of nanostructures and the ability to control materials on the nanometer scale will ensure a rational and costefficient development of new and more capable catalysts for a chemical process

Implementasi manajemen dakwah pada Koperasi Serba Usaha Syariah (KSUS) Surya Perkasa Lamongan

Penelitian ini ditulis oleh M. Ardian Choiru Tasbihi Hisbullah (1601036032) dengan judul: IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN DAKWAH PADA KOPERASI SERBA USAHA SYARIAH (KSUS) SURYA PERKASA LAMONGAN. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu upaya penulis untuk mencoba mengetahui bagaimana implementasi manajemen dakwah di Koperasi Serba Usaha Syariah (KSUS) Surya Perkasa Lamongan dan apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat di Koperasi Serba Usaha Syariah (KSUS) Surya Perkasa Lamongan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yaitu data yang terkumpul berbentuk kata-kata, gambar bukan angka-angka. Jika terdapat data yang berbentuk angka-angka, sifatnya hanya sebagai penunjang. Data primer adalah data yang diperoleh dari Pengurus Koperasi Serba Usaha Syariah (KSUS) Surya Perkasa Lamongan. Data sekunder adalah data yang diperoleh dari dokumentasi, arsip, struktur organisasi, internet dan buku-buku yang ada relevansinya dengan Implementasi manajemen dakwah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Manajemen Dakwah dalam Pengelolaan Koperasi Serba Usaha Syariah (KSUS) Surya Perkasa Lamongan adalah: (1) Dalam Implementasi Manajemen Dakwah di Koperasi Serba Usaha Syariah (KSUS) Surya Perkasa Lamongan menggunakan fungsi manajemen dakwah yaitu: perencanaan dakwah (takhthith), pengorganisasian dakwah (Thanzim), penggerakan dakwah (tawjih), dan pengendalian dan evaluasi dakwah (Riqabah). (2) Sedangkan factor pendukung dan penghambat adalah, factor pendukung: lokasi yang mudah dijangkau, pelayanan prima terhadap nasabah, masyarakat mulai tertarik pada koperasi yang sistem operasionalnya berbasis syariah. Adapun factor penghambatnya adalah: Pengetahuan masyarakat masih minim tentang koperasi simpan pinjam Koperasi Serba Usaha Syariah (KSUS) Surya Perkasa Lamongan, tingkat pesaing tinggi, berprasangka baik terhadap nasabah, kurangnya kesadaran dari anggota

The Role of Liposomal CpG ODN on the Course of L. major Infection in BALB/C Mice

"nBackground: Historically, leishmanization is the most effective protective measure against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), CL lesion induced by leishmanization sometimes takes a long time to heal. Ma­nipulation of leishmanization inoculums needed to induce a mild and acceptable CL lesion. The aim of this study was to explore if liposomal form of CpG ODN (Cytosin phosphate Guanin Oligodeoxynu­cleotides) mixed with Leishmania major   would induce a milder lesion size in Balb/c mice."nMethods: This study was performed in Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad, and Center for Re­search and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran, Iran during 2008-2009.  mice were subcutaneously (SC) inoculated with L. major mixed with liposomal form of CpG ODN, or L. major plus free CpG ODN, or L. major mixed with empty liposomes or L. major in PBS. The lesion onset and the size of lesion were recorded; the death rate was also monitored. "nResult: Footpad thickness was significantly (P<0.01) smaller, death rate was also significantly (P<0.05) lower in the mice received L. major mixed with liposomal CpG ODN or free CpG ODN than control groups received L. major in PBS or L. major plus liposomes, also mice which received L. ma­jor mixed with CpG ODN in soluble form showed a significantly (P < 0.001) smaller lesion size than control groups."nConclusion: CpG ODN seems to be an appropriate immunopotentiator mixed with Leishmania stabi­late in leishmanization

XPS studies on dispersed and immobilised carbon nitrides used for dye degradation

Liquid phase adsorption is a common technique in waste water purification. However, this process has some downsides. The removal of environmentally harmful contaminants from organic liquids by adsorption produces secondary waste which has to be treated afterwards. The treatment can be e.g. high temperatures or a landfill. Photocatalysts such as CN6 can remove the dye under light irradiation but most times they have to be separated afterwards. Immobilisation of these photocatalysts can be one way to address this problem. The resulting photocatalyst layers were analysed in operando by near-ambient pressure XPS. This enabled us to detect the active species, i.e. oxygen radicals, at the surface, responsible for the dye degradation.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel - 201