Assessment of Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (TSH) Levels In Patients with goiter, A Clinicopathological Study

Objective: To determine the blood level of TSH in individuals with goiter being clinically Euthyroid & having a normal blood level of T3 & T4.Duration & Place of study: January 2015 to June 2015 at PIMS & NORI, Islamabad Study Design: Descriptive study.Methodology: One hundred and eighty-two subjects were studied to assess the role of TSH in the development of goiter in the euthyroid goitrous population of Islamabad and Rawalpindi area. The euthyroid goitrous subjects were selected by clinical examination. Radioisotope uptake scan was done to confirm the clinical assessment of the status of the thyroid gland. The estimation of the serum levels of the thyroid hormones and TSH was done by RIA. Results: There were 19 (10.4%) males and 163 (89.6%) females between 8 years and 70 years of age. Mean age was 33.76 + 13.77 years. There were 16 individuals who revealed deranged TSH with 8 showing increased & 8 decreased TSH. The mean age in these individuals was 37.63 + 12.52 years. The goiter type was diffuse in 8, Diffuse Nodular (DN) in 3 and multinodular goiter (MNG) in 5 individuals. In patients with normal TSH the goiter type was Diffuse in 72, DN in 60 and MNG in 50 individuals. The means and SD of T3/T4 ratio was 12.86 + 2.38 (p=0.5596) and for TSH serum level in Euthyroid goiter was 1.37 + 1.41 mIU/l.(p=0.6915)Conclusion: Patients with goiterous enlargement may or may not have normal TSH levels  &nbsp

Multiband split-ring resonator based planar inverted-F antenna for 5G applications

5G, the fifth generation of wireless communications, is focusing on multiple frequency bands, such as 6GHz, 10GHz, 15GHz, 28GHz, and 38GHz, to achieve high data rates up to 10 Gbps or more.The industry demands multiband antennas to cover these distant frequency bands, which is a task much more challenging. In this paper, we have designed a novel multiband split-ring resonator (SRR) based planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for 5G applications. It is composed of a PIFA, an inverted-L parasitic element, a rectangular shaped parasitic element, and a split-ring resonator (SRR) etched on the top plate of the PIFA.The basic PIFA structure resonates at 6GHz. An addition of a rectangular shaped parasitic element produces a resonance at 15GHz. The introduction of a split-ring resonator produces a band notch at 8GHz, and a resonance at 10GHz, while the insertion of an inverted-L shaped parasitic element further enhances the impedance bandwidth in the 10GHz band. The frequency bands covered, each with more than 1GHz impedance bandwidth, are 6GHz (5–7GHz), 10GHz (9–10.8GHz), and 15GHz (14-15GHz), expected for inclusion in next-generation wireless communications, that is, 5G. The design is simulated using Ansys Electromagnetic Suite 17 simulation software package.The simulated and the measured results are compared and analyzed which are generally in good agreement

Comparison of Dexamethasone Plus Metoclopramide, with Dexamethasone Alone in The Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy

Objective:  To compare the efficacy of combination of dexamethasone plus metoclopramide with dexamethasone alone for control of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. Study Design:  Double blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Material and Methods:  One hundred ASA I – II patients listed for elective craniotomy were randomized to two groups of 50 patients each. Group A received dexamethasone 8 mg (2 ml) plus metoclopramide 10 mg (2 ml) pre-pared in two different syringes, and group B received dexamethasone 8 mg (2 ml) and normal saline (2 ml), pre-pared in two separate received syringes just before induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was standardized. All episodes of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) during the first 24 hours postoperatively were evaluated at 3 time periods : 2, 4, and 24 hours. The presence or absence of nausea and vomiting (by simply yes or no) was assessed by research nurses aware of the study but blinded to the group to which the patient belonged.  Results:  The frequency of nausea and vomiting was clinically and statistically lower in dexamethasone plus metoclopramide group as compared to dexamethasone alone p-value 0.032 and 0.028 for nausea and vomiting respectively. Conclusion:  Combination of dexamethasone plus metoclopramide is more effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting than dexamethasone alone when used for prophylaxis of Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) before the induction of anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective craniotomy

The Impact of IEEE 802.11 Contention Window on The Performance of Transmission Control Protocol in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a group of nodes connected via ad-hoc fashion for communicating with each other through wireless interface. The communication among the nodes in such network take place by using multi-hop in the absence of fixed infrastructure. TCP faces some hurdles and complexities in multi-hop ad-hoc networks particularly congestion and route failures. The incompatibility between the MAC and TCP are previously noticed by the research community. This research study focuses on the impact of MAC layer contention window on TCP in MANET by using variation in network density and velocity of nodes respectively. Simulation has been carried out to quantify and analyze the impact of Contention Window (CW) sizes that affects the performance of TCP by using NS-2 simulator. The impact of CW is investigated on TCP in multi-hop networks by means of performance evaluation parameters i.e. average delay, average packet drops and average throughput

Response of Gaussian-modulated guided wave in aluminum: An analytical, numerical, and experimental study

The application of guided-wave ultrasonic testing in structural health monitoring has been widely accepted. Comprehensive experimental works have been performed in the past but their validation with possible analytical and numerical solutions still requires serious efforts. In this paper, behavior and detection of the Gaussian-modulated sinusoidal guided-wave pulse traveling in an aluminum plate are presented. An analytical solution is derived for sensing guided wave at a given distance from the actuator. This solution can predict the primary wave modes separately. Numerical analysis is also carried out in COMSOL® Multiphysics software. An experimental setup comprising piezoelectric transducers is used for the validation. Comparison of experimental results with those obtained from analytical and numerical solutions shows close agreement

Study the Effects of Antecedents of Employee Satisfaction in Banking Sector of Pakistan

The aim of this research is to analyze employee satisfaction level in the private banking sector of Pakistan. The job satisfaction has got remarkable attention in business research. It researches the major factors of worker satisfaction in Pakistan’s banking industry. Research study finds that there is a positive and significant link between employee satisfaction and in human recourse management (HRM) practices like team workplace, job independence, and actions of authority. Data is collected from the 180 top and middle level employees from top five banks of the industry in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data is collected with the questionnaire and interviews from the aforesaid entities. Results show that the employee satisfaction is the favorableness or un-favorableness with which workers view their performance. The individual's satisfaction and storage are crucial to the performance of company in the competitive industry and organization atmosphere today, and the banking sector enjoys no exemption to it. The commercial banking sectors have launched on different control techniques as alternative to market workers job satisfaction and thus worker storage. The paper mentioned factors that are point of high issue to workers regarding their satisfaction. The result of research shows that most of the workers working in private banking industry are pleased with their performance, control features and job roles

Development of a Powerful Product: Evidence from Pakistan

The development of a powerful product and the deliverance of recognized support quality are premised by staff's capability to provide on client objectives. No concern has been given, however, to knowing the ‘added value’ exemplified in an organization’s product due to the operant sources (skills and knowledge) provided by the organization’s individual investment. This research, therefore, examines the differential impact that internal focused projects have on an organization’s individual investment and its following impact on the organization’s product, from the worker's viewpoint. In-depth discussions were performed with workers across a variety of support sectors and the results provide a knowing into the development of worker product dedication. Furthermore, this empirical research provides a powerful foundation for upcoming research in this region. Keywords: employees, brand commitment, internal brandin

The Implications of Cross-Docking in the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan

Abstract - Purpose of the study is to find out the role of cross-docking in FMCG sector of Pakistan. Research will be helpful to find out the benefits, risks, benefits and challenges for implementing the cross-docking in organizations. The researchers have gathered the interview from twelve supply chain managers working in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The study can be useful for the organizations adopting the cross-docking strategy especially in the uncertain countries. The result shows that cross-docking leads to improve the customer services and helps to achieve cost-effectiveness. It can improve the lead time tremendously but labor cost does not get reduced in cross-docking. Cross-docking may lead to increase the risk of uncertainties, chances of pilferages and damages. Keywords: Cross-docking, warehouse, pilferage, lead time, cost, customer satisfaction, customer services, uncertainty, damages, safety stoc

Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors among Critical Care Nurses in Peshawar, Pakistan and Kunming, China: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

OBJECTIVES To find the level of compliance and the associated factors of compliance with standard precautions among registered nurses. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study was conducted during March and August 2020 in four hospitals, two from each country; Pakistan and China. Data was gathered through a modified version of the adopted questionnaire from 424 registered nurses, selected by a simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 26. RESULTSThe overall compliance with SPs among registered nurses in Pakistan was 57.1%, and among the respondents from China was 75.2%. Gender, age and working area were associated with the compliance of SPs. Female nurses from China are 1.72 times less compliant, while the increasing age of Pakistani nurses increases the risk for non-compliance with SPs by 1.7 times. Participants working in Emergency Department in Pakistan were 2.07 times less compliant than those working in Intensive Care Unit/Coronary Care Unit (ICU/CCU). Lack of training increases the risk of being 2.9 times more non-compliant. For Chinese Nurses, less knowledge and a lack of resources were associated with non-compliance in both countries nurses. CONCLUSION Noteworthy numbers of nurses were found non-compliant with standard precaution practices in both study populations. Therefore, strategies like regular training on standard precautions, availability of Personal Protective Equipment and policymaking may improve compliance with SPs practice