Extraorganic Hepatic Artery Aneurysm: Failure of Transcatheter Embolization

Hepatic artery aneurysm (HAA) was diagnosed in a 62-year-old man who was a poor candidate for surgery because of severe liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. Two attempts to occlude the HAA by transcatheter embolization failed because of recanalization of the aneurysm. Moreover, aneurysmal dilatation of the superior mesenteric artery and the left renal artery developed and progressed. Both the literature and the present case show that an individual approach to treatment of extraorganic HAA should be chosen in dependantan location and anatomy of the lesion

Первый опыт прямого перфузионного исследования трансплантата после ортотопической пересадки печени

Objective: classical methods of determining arterial blood supply of the graft following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) reflect the presence of blood flow in the trunk and large branches of the A. hepatica, without the characteristic of completeness of blood filling of peripheral sections, which is very important for objective evaluation of function. The aim of this study is to establish the diagnostic value of a direct perfusion study (IFlow) of the graft. Materials and methods. From 1998 to 2019, 245 OLTs were conducted. From 2015 to 2019, arterial changes were detected in 24 (23%) patients after 104 OLTs. A perfusion study was performed in 9 patients with suspected arterial graft failure. According to the IFlow study, liver hypoperfusion due to stenosis and/or splenic steal syndrome was detected in 8 cases and became an indication for therapeutic intervention. Results. Hepatic stenting and/or splenic artery embolization was performed to improve arterial blood supply to the liver. Endovascular procedures performed restored the perfusion index from 0.24 (0.01–0.89) to 0.61 (0.35–0.98). Conclusion. Absence of ultrasound and multispiral computed tomography signs of arterial complications does not rule out the need for perfusion angiography. Perfusion angiography allows to objectify the angiography data and perform corrective intervention in good time.Цель. Классические методы определения артериального кровоснабжения печени после ортотопической трансплантации (ОТП) отображают наличие кровотока в стволе и крупных ветвях A. hepatica, без характеристики полноты кровенаполнения периферических отделов, что представляется весьма важным для объективной оценки функции. Цель исследования – установить диагностическую ценность прямого перфузионного исследования (IFlow) трансплантата. Материалы и методы. С 1998-го по 2019 г. проведено 245 ОТП. С 2015-го по 2019 г. артериальные изменения после 104 ОТП выявлены у 24 (23%) пациентов. Перфузионное исследование выполнено у 9 пациентов с подозрением на артериальную недостаточность трансплантата. По данным IFlow, гипоперфузия печени ввиду стеноза и/или синдрома обкрадывания печени селезеночной артерией выявлена в 8 случаях и явилась показанием к лечебным вмешательствам. Результаты. Выполняли стентирование печеночной и/или эмболизацию селезеночной артерий для улучшения артериального кровоснабжения печени. В результате проведенных эндоваскулярных процедур перфузионный показатель восстановился с 0,24 (0,01–0,89) до 0,61 (0,35–0,98). Заключение. Отсутствие УЗ- и МСКТ-признаков артериальных осложнений не исключает необходимости проведения ангиографии с перфузионным исследованием; последнее позволяет объективизировать данные ангиографии и вовремя выполнить корригирующее вмешательство

Co-existence of a giant splenic hemangioma and multiple hepatic hemangiomas and the potential association with the use of oral contraceptives: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Hepatic and splenic hemangiomas are common benign tumors that mainly affect female patients. Giant splenic hemangiomas are extremely rare, especially when correlated with multiple hepatic hemangiomas. Pathogenetic mechanisms between hemangiomas and oral contraceptives, as well as therapeutic approaches, are analyzed in this case report, in particular for the management of synchronous splenic and hepatic hemangiomas.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report here a 42-year-old woman with a giant splenic hemangioma, multiple hepatic hemangiomas and a history of oral estrogen intake for many years. At first it was difficult to determine the organ from which the giant hemangioma originated. Angiography proved extremely helpful in tracing its origin in the spleen. Hematomas in the giant hemangioma posed a significant threat of rupture and catastrophic hemorrhage. We left the small hepatic hemangiomas in place, and removed the spleen along with the giant splenic hemangioma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Diagnostic pitfalls in the determination of the origin of this giant hemangioma, attribution of its origin to the spleen angiographically, the unusual co-existence of the giant splenic hemangioma with multiple hepatic ones, and the potential threat of rupture of the giant hemangioma are some of the highlights of this case report. Estrogen administration represents a pathogenic factor that has been associated with hemangiomas in solid organs of the abdominal cavity. The therapeutic dilemma between resection and embolization of giant hemangiomas is another point of discussion in this case report. Splenectomy for the giant splenic hemangioma eliminates the risk of rupture and malignant degeneration, whereas observation for the small hepatic ones (<4 cm) was the preferable therapeutic strategy in our patient.</p

Intraductal photodynamic therapy and its combination with intra-arterial chemoinfusion in the treatment of inoperable patients with Klatskin tumor

Background: A palliative or symptomatic treatment is indicated for 7080% of patients with Klatskins tumor because of the advanced lesion volume and the patients grave condition. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, chemoembolization, radioembolization are successfully used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases. Aim: to estimate the immediate and long-term results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and its combination with hepatic arterial infusion in inoperable patients with Klatskin tumors. Methods: Between 2010 and 2021, 83 palliative PDT sessions (from 1 to 8, average 2.4) were performed in 82 patients as a single treatment or in combination with hepatic arterial infusion. In all cases, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was previously performed; no chemotherapy was applied. Two groups of 48 patients were stratified according to the ECOG status (23) and the numbers of PDT sessions (no more than two). The treatment group of the combination therapy consisted of 24 patients (13 male, 11 female) aged 38 to 85 (mean 63) years with the ECOG status of 24 (mean 2.4). This group received PDT with hepatic arterial infusion using a GemCis regimen. On average, 1.4 PDT sessions were performed, the treatment started on the 89th (27225) day after the biliary drainage. The hepatic arterial infusion was performed on the 2d3th day after the PDT. The control group received only PDT and consisted of 24 patients (13 male, 11 female) aged 51 to 83 (66 on average) years, with the ECOG status of 23 (mean 2.6). On average, 1.4 PDT sessions were performed, starting on the 106th (32405) day after the biliary drainage. Results: There were no serious adverse events associated with PDT in both groups. Toxic complications of hepatic arterial infusion were observed in 13 of 24 patients (54%): III grade hematological (54%) and gastrointestinal (69%); all were eliminated with medical therapy. Complications of the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in three patients (hemobilia, n=2, and sepsis, n=1) were estimated as grade III by the CIRSE classification (2017) and successfully treated without surgery. In the combination treatment group, the overall mean survival and median survival were higher than those in the control group: 327.939.8 days (10.9 mo) versus 246.931.2 days (8.2 mo) and 275 days versus 244 days. However, these differences did not reach the statistical significance (p=0.12). Conclusions: PDT is a safe method of a palliative treatment of critically ill patients with Klatskin tumor (ECOG 23). PDT alone has limited clinical efficacy. A combination of PDT and hepatic arterial infusion does not cause serious complications and may increase the survival rates

Antegrade Endobiliary Forceps Biopsy Improves Diagnosis of Klatskin Tumor Compared to Brush Biopsy

Aim. To evaluate the safety and accuracy of percutaneous transhepatic biliary biopsy in patients with suspected Klatskin tumor.Materials and methods. Between 2013–2020, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was performed in 52 patients with Klatskin tumor, complicated by obstructive jaundice. After successful PTBD, the diagnosis was verified by antegrade access. 74 procedures were performed: brush (n = 36; 48.6 %) or forceps biopsies (n = 38; 51.4 %).Results. There were no adverse events associated with a brush biopsy. Only grade I complications were after the forceps technique: 3 patients (7.9 %) developed hemobilia, which was corrected conservatively. Malignant lesions of the biliary tract were detected by forceps technique in 79.0 %, brush biopsy in 66.7 % (p &gt;0,05). The degree of tumor differentiation was determined in 60.0 % (n = 18) vs 12.5 % (n = 3) (p &lt; 0,01), respectively.Sensitivity and specificity of forceps biopsy were slightly higher than in brush: 82.4 % and 75.0 % vs 73.3 % and 66.7 % (p &gt;0,05).Conclusions. Antegrade percutaneous transhepatic biliary biopsy is safe for both brush and forceps techniques. However, forceps biopsy has higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis Klatskin tumor and better possibility of determining the degree of malignancy differentiation

Чрескатетерная артериальная эмболизация при опухоли единственной почки

Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective arterial embolization in patients with tumors of the only kidney.Materials and methods: in our clinic we performed embolization in 9 patients with median age of 56 years (range from 49 to 65 years) from 1999 to 2007. The tumor of the only kidney was diagnosed 1—27 years after (median time interval 11 years) contralateral nephrectomy performed for renal cell carcinoma (n=6), hydronephrosis (n=2) and cystic disease (n=1).Maximal dimensions of tumor in the remnant kidney ranged from 2 to 9 cm (median 5,0±1,7 cm). Selective embolization of arteries feeding the tumor was carried out by polyvinyl-alcohol particles with diameter 0,1 mm, finely sliced haemostatic sponge, ethanol of 96° mixed with lipidol in 2 to 1 proportion, fragments of metallic spirals.Results: no complications after selective arterial embolization were observed. After the procedure body temperature elevation up to 38° C and moderate pain syndrome in the projection of embolized kidney were seen for a short period of time. Insignificant elevation of serum urea and creatinine were registered in 2 of 9 patients.In 1 month after embolization reduction of tumor volume was registered in 5 patients and stabilization — in 4 patients. During follow up angiography repeated embolization was carried out to 4 of 5 patients. At present 8 of 9 patients are alive with follow up times ranging from 1 to 7 years. One patient died after 7 month after procedure due to progression of disease.Conclusion: selective arterial embolization is effective and safe modality of treatment of patients with tumor of the only kidney.