219 research outputs found
Mixer-Duplexer-Antenna Leaky-Wave System Based on Periodic Space-Time Modulation
We present a mixer-duplexer-antenna leaky-wave system based on periodic
space-time modulation. This system operates as a full transceiver, where the
upconversion and downconversion mixing operations are accomplished via
space-time transitions, the duplexing operation is induced by the nonreciprocal
nature of the structure, and the radiation operation is provided by the
leaky-wave nature of the wave. A rigorous electromagnetic solution is derived
for the dispersion relation and field distributions. The system is implemented
in the form of a spatio-temporally modulated microstrip leaky-wave structure
incorporating an array of sub-wavelengthly spaced varactors modulated by a
harmonic wave. In addition to the overall mixer-duplexer-antenna operation,
frequency beam scanning at fixed input frequency is demonstrated as one of the
interesting features of the system. A prototype is realized and demonstrated by
full-wave and experimental results
Dynamic Modulation Yields One-Way Beam Splitting
This article demonstrates the realization of an extraordinary beam splitter
based on nonreciprocal and synchronized photonic transitions in obliquely
illuminated space-time-modulated (STM) slabs which impart the coherent temporal
frequency and spatial frequency shifts. As a consequence of such unusual
photonic transitions, a one-way beam splitting and amplification is exhibited
by the STM slab. Beam splitting is a vital operation for various optical and
photonic systems, ranging from quantum computation to fluorescence spectroscopy
and microscopy. Despite the beam splitting is conceptually a simple operation,
the performance characteristics of beam splitters significantly influence the
repeatability and accuracy of the entire optical system. As of today, there has
been no approach exhibiting a nonreciprocal beam splitting accompanied with
transmission gain and an arbitrary splitting angle. Here, we show that oblique
illumination of a periodic and semi-coherent dynamically-modulated slab results
in coherent photonic transitions between the incident light beam and its
counterpart space-time harmonic (STH). Such photonic transitions introduce a
unidirectional synchronization and momentum exchange between two STHs with same
temporal frequencies, but opposite spatial frequencies. Such a beam splitting
technique offers high isolation, transmission gain and zero beam tilting, and
is expected to drastically decrease the resource and isolation requirements in
optical and photonic systems. In addition to the analytical solution, we
provide a closed-form solution for the electromagnetic fields in STM
structures, and accordingly, investigate the properties of the wave isolation
and amplification in subluminal, superluminal and luminal ST modulations
Space-Time Medium Functions as a Perfect Antenna-Mixer-Amplifier Transceiver
We show that a space-time-varying medium can function as a front-end
transceiver, i.e., an antenna-mixer-amplifier. Such a unique functionality is
endowed by space-time surface waves associated with complex space-time wave
vectors in a subluminal space-time medium. The proposed structure introduces
pure frequency up- and down-conversions and with very weak undesired time
harmonics. In contrast to other recently proposed space-time mixers, a large
frequency up-/down conversion ratio, associated with gain is achievable.
Furthermore, as the structure does not operate based on progressive energy
transition between the space-time modulation and the incident wave, it
possesses a subwavelength thickness (metasurface). Such a multi-functional,
highly efficient and compact medium is expected to find various applications in
modern wireless telecommunication systems
Nonreciprocal Electromagnetic Scattering from a Periodically Space-Time Modulated Slab and Application to a Quasisonic Isolator
Scattering of obliquely incident electromagnetic waves from periodically
space-time modulated slabs is investigated. It is shown that such structures
operate as nonreciprocal harmonic generators and spatial-frequency filters. For
oblique incidences, low-frequency harmonics are filtered out in the form of
surface waves, while high-frequency harmonics are transmitted as space waves.
In the quasisonic regime, where the velocity of the space-time modulation is
close to the velocity of the electromagnetic waves in the background medium,
the incident wave is strongly coupled to space-time harmonics in the forward
direction, while in the backward direction it exhibits low coupling to other
harmonics. This nonreciprocity is leveraged for the realization of an
electromagnetic isolator in the quasisonic regime and is experimentally
demonstrated at microwave frequencies
Enhanced Bandwidth and Diversity in Real-Time Analog Signal Processing (R-ASP) using Nonuniform C-section Phasers
We show that a continuously nonuniform coupled line C-section phaser, as the
limiting case of the step discontinuous coupled-line multisection commensurate
and non-commensurate phasers, provides enhanced bandwidth and diversity in
real-time analog signal processing (R-ASP). The phenomenology of the component
is explained in comparison with the step-discontinuous using
multiple-reflection theory and a simple synthesis procedure is provided. The
bandwidth enhancement results from the suppression of spurious group delay
harmonics or quasi-harmonics, while the diversity enhancement results from the
greater level of freedom provided by the continuous nature of the nonuniform
profile of the phaser. These statements are supported by theoretical and
experimental results
Assessment of Falls on a Medical-Telemetry Unit
Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project is to implement a falls intervention to improve falls on the Medical-Telemetry unit.
Background: Between 700,000 and 1,000,000 falls occur in hospitals every year. Furthermore, approximately 30-35% of these falls result in injury and 11,000 falls result in death (Health Research & Educational Trust, 2016). Falls harm patients, families, and providers. They are also a high cost, as many insurance companies will not reimburse care when a fall occurs. As a hospital organization, it is important to ensure funds are going to the appropriate places. Currently the metropolitan hospital had an increase of 5 falls from 2016 fiscal year to 2017 fiscal year. Through data itemization it appears the current protocol and procedures is not meeting the need to decrease and diminish falls
A Needs Assessment Survey of Southern California Pest Management Professionals
Pest Management Professionals were surveyed in training workshops/meetings in Southern California between 2015 and 2017 to understand their needs, challenges, and view of integrated pest management. The most encountered pests by pest control technicians were ants, cockroaches, rodents, spiders, termites, and bed bugs. The most challenging pest groups to control were bed bugs, cockroaches, ants, and rodents. The main challenges that professionals faced in doing their work were regulations, followed by managing pests, and customer-related problems. Most participants had a favorable view of IPM. However, they faced several challenges in implementing IPM, among which customer-related issues were the most common
Knowledge and Attitude of Preschool Children Parents Towards Professional Topical Fluoride Therapy
Purpose: Since various factors such as parents' attitudes and knowledge can affect the use of fluoride, this study aims to assess the relationship between children's parents' attitudes and knowledge towards preventive caries methods with their children's caries experience.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 parents of preschool children in Ahvaz were randomly selected. Using a questionnaire, parents' knowledge and attitude about fluoride therapy were evaluated, and their children's teeth were examined for dmft. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results: The mean of parents' knowledge about caries prevention methods was 2.22 ±3.23 of 9, and the knowledge of 68% was poor, 21% moderate, and 11% was good. The mean of parents' attitude about caries prevention techniques was 9.5 ±2.05 of 14, and the attitude of 0% was poor,60% moderate, and 40% was good. There was no significant relationship between parents' knowledge with gender, age, education, source of information, and dmft. There was a direct relationship between knowledge and the experience of professional topical fluoride (PTF). There was no significant relationship between the attitudes of parents with gender, the history of PTF, and the source of information. There was a direct, significant relationship between parents' attitude and their educational level, age, and child's dmft. Children's experience of PTF was 18.6%.
Conclusion: Parents' knowledge and attitude towards fluoride roles in the prevention of dental caries were low. So, assigning programs to increase parents' knowledge and, subsequently, using caries prevention techniques is suggested
Programmable Nonreciprocal Metaprism
Optical prisms are made of glass and map temporal frequencies into spatial
frequencies by decomposing incident white light into its constituent colors and
refract them into different directions. Conventional prisms suffer from their
volumetric bulky and heavy structure and their material parameters are dictated
by the Lorentz reciprocity theorem. Considering various applications of prisms
in wave engineering and their growing applications in the invisible spectrum
and antenna applications, there is a demand for compact apparatuses that are
capable of providing prism functionality in a reconfigurable manner, with a
nonreciprocal/reciprocal response. Here, we propose a nonreciprocal
metasurface-based prism constituted of an array of phase- and
amplitude-gradient frequency-dependent spatially variant radiating super-cells.
In conventional optical prisms, nonreciprocal devices and metamaterials, the
spatial decomposition and nonreciprocity functions are fixed and noneditable.
Here, we present a programmable metasurface integrated with amplifiers to
realize controllable nonreciprocal spatial decomposition, where each frequency
component of the incident polychromatic wave can be transmitted under an
arbitrary and programmable angle of transmission with a desired transmission
gain. Such a polychromatic metasurface prism is constituted of
frequency-dependent spatially variant transistor-based phase shifters and
amplifiers for the spatial decomposition of the wave components. Interesting
features include three-dimensional prism functionality with programmable angles
of refraction, power amplification, and directive and diverse radiation beams.
Furthermore, the metasurface prism can be digitally controlled via a
field-programmable gate array (FPGA), making the metasurface a suitable
solution for radars, holography applications, and wireless telecommunication
systems
Pure and Linear Frequency Converter Temporal Metasurface
Metasurfaces are ultrathin structures which are constituted by an array of
subwavelength scatterers with designable scattering responses. They have opened
up unprecedented exciting opportunities for extraordinary wave engineering
processes. On the other hand, frequency converters have drawn wide attention
due to their vital applications in telecommunication systems, health care
devices, radio astronomy, military radars and biological sensing systems. Here,
we show that a spurious-free and linear frequency converter metasurface can be
realized by leveraging unique properties of engineered transmissive temporal
supercells. Such a metasurface is formed by time-modulated supercells;
themselves are composed of temporal and static patch resonators and phase
shifters. This represents the first frequency converter metasurface possessing
large frequency conversion ratio with controllable frequency bands and
transmission magnitude. In contrast to conventional nonlinear mixers, the
proposed temporal frequency converter offers a linear response. In addition, by
taking advantage of the proposed surface-interconnector-phaser-surface (SIPS)
architecture, a spurious-free and linear frequency conversion is achievable,
where all undesired mixing products are strongly suppressed. The proposed
metasurface may be digitally controlled and programmed through a field
programmable gate array. This makes the spurious-free and linear frequency
converter metasurface a prominent solution for wireless and satellite
telecommunication systems, as well as invisibility cloaks and radars. This
study opens a way to realize more complicated and enhanced-efficiency
spectrum-changing metasurface
- …