In vivo Analysis of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f. ex Benth Crude and SNP Extracts Against Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity

Type II diabetes mellitus which is a chronic metabolic disorder is characterized by insulin resistance. Due to the serious side effects of synthetic antidiabetic drugs, the search for safer and more efficacious hypoglycemic agents is still being continued. The study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of C. anisata (Rutaceae) leaf and root crude extracts and extracts mediated synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (SNPs) under in vivo conditions. The synthesis of SNPs from ethanolic leaf and root extract of C. anisata was characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, XRD and EDS. The average size was found to be 60.67 nm for SNP leaf and 32.75 nm for SNP root. Two different doses 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw of each crude leaf and root extracts and 5 mg/kg bw and 10 mg/kg bw of SNP leaf and root extracts were used to treat alloxan-induced diabetic rats for 30 days. On administration of different extracts of C. anisata the activities such as serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, liver biomarkers, gluconeogenic enzymes, antioxidants were significantly reduced and the activity of glucokinase, protein, serum insulin level, body weight, liver and pancreas weight was significantly increased in alloxan-induced diabetic rats on the 30th day. Glibenclamide (1mg/kg bw) was used as a standard positive control. The extracts had a beneficial effect on regeneration of β-cells of the pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Among the extracts, SNP root extract (10 mg/kg bw) was potent for in vivo hypoglycemic activity. This possible effect is due to natural bioactive compounds present in C. anisata extracts that acted synergistically or independently in enhancing the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities