Propuesta de tratamiento al agua del pozo de extracción "Santa María Amajac" en San Salvador, Hidalgo

Objetivo, proponer un tratamiento adecuado y factible para resolver la contaminación del agua del Pozo de Santa María Amajac. Se analizaron los estudios de 3 pozos: Pacheco, Adelaido Azpeitia Gutiérrez y Santa María Amajac y el acuífero Actopan-Santiago de Anaya. Se definen los contaminantes que exceden los límites máximos permisibles. Con los resultados obtenidos, se determinan los contaminantes de mayor importancia y peligrosidad. Se definen los problemas que sufre la población y daños que podrían surgir. Metodología, Documental (referencias, estudios, resultados y distribución del agua) y de campo (zona de estudio, muestreo, caracterización y distribución del agua) y de campo (zona de estudio, muestreo, caracterización y distribución del agua, efectos en la salud, propuestas de tratamiento y diseño, resultados y conclusiones). Influencia del agua residual del riego, los contaminantes del pozo y definir los daños a la salud, son los resultados importantes. Se propone la ósmosis inversa para la potabilización.Objective propose appropriate and feasible to solve water pollution of Santa Maria Amajac treatment. Pacheco, Adelaido Azpeitia and Santa Maria Gutierrez Amajac and the aquifer Actopan-Santiago de Anaya: Studies of 3 wells were analyzed. Contaminants that exceed the maximum permissible limits are defined. With the results, the most important pollutants and danger are determined. The problems facing the people and damages that could arise defined. Methodology. Documentary (rererences, studies, results and distribution of water) and field (study area, sampling, characterization and distribution of water, health effects, treatment proposals and design, results and conclusions). Influence of wastewater irrigation, contaminants and define well the damage to health are important results. Reverse osmosis for water treatment is proposed

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data