Infrared Spectrum analysis of AEVA.

<p>Infrared Spectrum analysis of AEVA.</p

Effect of AEVA or NAC (N-acetyl cysteine, positive control) on GST and CAT enzyme activity in THP-1 monocyte cells.

<p>Cells were treated with different concentrations of AEVA (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 μg/μL) or NAC (200 uM) for 2 h followed by H₂O₂ exposure (25 μM) for next 2 h. “*” indicates the significant difference between “H₂O₂” and “AEVA+ H₂O₂”-treated group(<i>p</i>< 0.05); “$” indicates the significant difference between “H₂O₂” and “NAC+ H₂O₂”-treated group; “@” indicates the significant difference between “control (C)” and “AEVA (1.2 μg/μL)”-treated group. Values are mean ± SE (n = 4).</p

Proximate composition of nutritional value in <i>Vespa affinis</i> L. values were expressed per 100 g of pupae.

<p>Proximate composition of nutritional value in <i>Vespa affinis</i> L. values were expressed per 100 g of pupae.</p

Effect of AEVA or NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) on the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H₂O₂-treated THP-1 monocyte cells.

<p>Cells were treated with AEVA (0.8 μg/μL) or NAC (200 μM) for 2 h followed by H₂O₂ (25 μM) for next 2 h. The intercellular ROS production was measured using 5μM DCFDA in PBS containing 4% FBS at 37°C for 30 min in the dark.</p

Mass Spectrum analysis of AEVA.

<p>Mass Spectrum analysis of AEVA.</p

Dose dependent CAT activity of AEVA.

<p>Graph is obtained by plotting different concentrations of AEVA (1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 μg/μL) with respect to enzyme activity. “*”, “**”, and “***” indicate the significant differences between the effect of 5, 7.5, and 10 μg μL^-1 AEVA and its lower concentrations respectively (<i>p</i>< 0.05). Values are mean ± SE (n = 4).</p

Dose dependent GST activity of AEVA.

<p>Graph is obtained by plotting different concentrations of AEVA (1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 μg/μL) with respect to enzyme activity. “*”, “**”, and “***” indicate the significant differences between the effect of 5, 7.5, and 10 μg/μL AEVA and its lower concentrations respectively (<i>p</i>< 0.05). Values are mean ± SE (n = 4).</p

Superoxide radical scavenging activity of AEVA.

<p>Graph is obtained by plotting different concentrations of AEVA (1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and15μg/μL) with respect to percent inhibition. “#” indicates the optimum concentration of AEVA at which it exhibits maximum inhibition. Values are mean ± SE (n = 4).</p

Effect of AEVA on CAT activity in human plasma.

<p>100 μL of human plasma (collected from normal subject) was incubated with different concentration of AEVA (1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 7.50, and 10.00 μg μL^-1) for 2 h at 37°C. “*” indicates the significant difference between “AEVA alone” and “plasma + AEVA” at the respective concentration of AEVA (<i>p</i>< 0.05). Values are mean ± SE (n = 4).</p

Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of AEVA.

<p>Curve is obtained by plotting various concentrations of AEVA (1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 μg/μL) against percent inhibition. “#” indicates the optimum concentration of AEVA at which it exhibits maximum inhibition. Values are mean ± SE (n = 4).</p