Additional file 1 of Characteristics of circulating immune cells in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure following artificial liver treatment

Additional file 1: Table S1. Cryopreservation and resuscitation of PBMCs. Table S2. CyTOF panel. Table S3. The classification of all CD45+ immune cells and the key marker expression. Fig. S1. Flow chart of inclusion of HBV-ACLF patients treated with ALSS. HBV-ACLF: hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure; ALSS: artificial liver support system. Fig. S2. A. The proportion of naïve CD8+ T between improved and non-improved patients before and after ALSS therapy. B. The expression of PD1, CTLA4, CD69, CD27, CD127, and Granzyme B on effector CD8+ T cells in the two groups before and after treatment. C. The expression of PD1, CTLA4, CD69, CD27, CD127, and Granzyme B on naïve CD8+ T cells in the two groups before and after treatment. D. The frequency of C14, C15, and C16 (NK cells) clusters between improved and non-improved patients before and after ALSS therapy. NK: natural kill; ALSS: artificial liver support system. Fig. S3. A. Boxplots displaying the difference between immune cell subsets of two groups in total immune cell level before ALSS therapy. B. The proportion of classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes between improved and non-improved patients before and after ALSS therapy. C. The changes of granulocytes in peripheral blood of two groups before and after treatment. ALSS: artificial liver support system

Datasheet1_IgM deposition is a risk factor for delayed remission and early relapse of the pediatric minimal change disease.pdf

BackgroundMinimal change disease (MCD) is the most common pathological subtype of pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). It has been suggested that IgM deposition might predict kidney function deterioration in the course of MCD. However, the specific role of IgM deposition in the prognosis of MCD is still controversial. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of IgM deposition on delayed remission and early relapse in a pediatric population.MethodsThis study enrolled 283 children diagnosed with MCD by renal biopsy in a single center from 2010 to 2022. These cases were divided into two groups according to the histopathological deposition of IgM. Patients' demographics, clinical parameters, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. The primary and secondary outcomes were defined as the time to the first remission and the first relapse.ResultsThe IgM-positive group had a weaker response to steroids (steroid-sensitive: 23.5% vs. 40.8%; steroid-dependent: 74.0% vs. 51.0%; steroid-resistant: 18.4% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.001), and showed more recurrent cases (47.2% vs. 34.4%, P = 0.047) compared with the IgM-negative group. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the IgM-positive group had a lower cumulative rate of the first remission (Log-rank, P ConclusionIgM deposition was associated with a weaker steroid response. MCD children with IgM deposition were prone to delayed first remission and early first relapse.</p

Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Hydroxymethylation of Styrenes and 1,3-Dienes with CO₂

Herein, we report a highly regio- and enantioselective copper-catalyzed reductive hydroxymethylation of styrenes and 1,3-dienes with 1 atm of CO₂. Diverse important chiral homobenzylic alcohols were readily prepared from styrenes. Moreover, a variety of 1,3-dienes also were converted to chiral homoallylic alcohols with high yields and excellent regio-, enantio-, and <i>Z/E</i>-selectivities. The utility of this transformation was demonstrated by a broad range of styrenes and 1,3-dienes, facile product modification, and synthesis of bioactive compounds (<i>R</i>)-(−)-curcumene and (<i>S</i>)-(+)-ibuprofen. Mechanistic studies demonstrated the carboxylation of phenylethylcopper complexes with CO₂ as one key step

Transition-Metal-Free Lactonization of sp² C–H Bonds with CO₂

The transition-metal-free lactonization of heteroaryl and alkenyl C–H bonds with carbon dioxide is reported to synthesize important coumarin derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. These redox-neutral reactions feature a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, facile scalability, and easy product derivatization

Examples of Gene Expression Patterns

<div><p>Shown are gene expression patterns revealed by nonradioactive robotic ISH on sagittal sections. Digoxigenin-tagged RNA probes hybridized to cellular mRNA are visualized via a serial amplification that produces a blue-purple signal.</p><p>(A) <i>Purkinje cell protein 4</i> in section 4.</p><p>(B) <i>Ly6/neurotoxin 1</i> in section 6.</p><p>(C) <i>4931408A02Rik</i> in section 9 with inset showing localized expression in midbrain neurons.</p><p>(D) <i>A230109K2Rik</i> in section 9 with inset showing localized expression in hypothalamus.</p><p>(E) <i>RAS protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1</i> in section 11.</p><p>(F) <i>Gastrin releasing peptide</i> in section 2.</p><p>(G) <i>Nephroblastoma overexpressed gene</i> in section 4.</p><p>(H) <i>Somatostatin</i> in section 6.</p></div

A Search for Genes that Are Expressed in the Substantia Nigra

<div><p>(A) The pattern of Slc6a3 gene expression in and around the substantia nigra at standard section number 6 is set as the query pattern for a search of all 200 expression patterns in the current dataset. Note the color-coded shading of the query pattern, with red indicating the strong expression of <i>Slc6a3</i> in the substantia nigra, and grey indicating no expression in the tissue surrounding the substantia nigra.</p><p>(B) The expression patterns in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the 12 genes found to match the search criterion best are shown: <i>dopamine receptor 2 (Drd2); vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (Slc18a2); tyrosine hydroxylase (Th); alpha synuclein (Snca);</i> a gene encoding a nuclear orphan receptor <i>(Nr4a2); limb expression 1 homolog (Lix1);</i> a gene encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase <i>(Aldh1a1); protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type L (Ptprl); chaperonin subunit 8 (Cct8); synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2c (Sv2c); transmembrane protein 1 (Tmem1);</i> and <i>LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta (Lmx1b).</i></p></div

P7 Mouse Brain Atlas Construction and Application

<div><p>(A) Standard Nissl-stained P7 sagittal standard section number 4 with major anatomical boundaries drawn in red: amygdala (am), basal forebrain (bf), cerebellum (cb), cortex (ctx), globus pallidus (gp), hippocampus (hi), medulla (med), midbrain (mb), olfactory bulb (ob), pons (p), striatum (st), thalamus (th), and ventral striatum (vst).</p><p>(B) The coarse mesh, shown here for the thalamus, is constructed by defining vertices of quadrilaterals.</p><p>(C) Iterative application of subdivision generates smooth boundary curves and a smooth internal representation of smaller quadrilaterals. Fixed vertices (large squares) allow crease angles to be added to the otherwise smooth boundary curve.</p><p>(D) The atlas for standard section number 4. Each coarse quadrilateral is associated with a particular anatomical structure, an association inherited during subdivision.</p><p>(E) Expression pattern of <i>Cannabinoid receptor 1</i> in a section similar to standard map 4.</p><p>(F) The atlas (D) is deformed by moving vertices so that the anatomical boundaries match those in the <i>Cannabinoid receptor 1</i> section (E).</p><p>(G) Quadrilaterals overlying the DG (insert) were marked in 59 fitted maps using a mesh generated after two rounds of subdivision. In every section, the same four quadrilaterals were found to overlap the bulk of the DG.</p></div

Quantitative Analysis of <i>Rorb</i> and <i>Grm2</i> Expression in Control and <i>brl</i> P7 Brains

<div><p>(A) The dataset of 200 genes was searched using a query pattern defined as strong expression in layer IV of the somatosensory cortex (SsCx) (red) and no expression in layers I and II/III somatosensory cortex (grey) for standard section 2. <i>Rorb</i> and <i>Grm2</i> were two of the top matches returned.</p><p>(B) The strong expression <i>Rorb</i> in control somatosensory cortex layer IV coincides with the anatomical shape of the barrels that are absent in the <i>brl</i> mouse. For both genotypes, cellular expression was detected and color-coded by signal strength using the Celldetekt software, followed by fitting of the appropriate subdivision mesh to the shape of the cortex. A row of 12 quadrilaterals in the subdivision mesh defines the area of comparison in the somatosensory cortex layer IV. Note the greater prevalence of strongly expressing cells (red) in the control tissue. Moderately expressing cells and weakly expressing cells are indicated by blue and yellow, respectively.</p><p>(C) Quantification of <i>Grm2</i> expression in somatosensory cortex layer IV as described for <i>Rorb</i> showed no difference in expression strength distribution between control and <i>brl</i>.</p><p>(D) Statistical comparisons between control and <i>brl</i> revealed no significant changes in the percentage of somatosensory cortex layer IV cells expressing either <i>Rorb</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.8) or <i>Grm2</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.5). However, a significant decrease in the percentage of strongly expressing cells was found for <i>Rorb</i> in <i>brl</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.02), but not for <i>Grm2</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.8).</p><p>(E) The somatosensory cortex containing the barrel region was dissected as indicated (highlighted and boxed) and used for quantitative real-time PCR analysis.</p><p>(F) Consistent with the ISH data, a statistically significant decrease in <i>Rorb</i> expression was found in <i>brl</i> by quantitative real-time PCR (<i>p</i> = 0.008).</p></div