A Cost-Effective Geodetic Strainmeter Based on Dual Coaxial Cable Bragg Gratings

Observations of surface deformation are essential for understanding a wide range of geophysical problems, including earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and glaciers. Current geodetic technologies, such as global positioning system (GPS), interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), borehole and laser strainmeters, are costly and limited in their temporal or spatial resolutions. Here we present a new type of strainmeters based on the coaxial cable Bragg grating (CCBG) sensing technology that provides cost-effective strain measurements. Two CCBGs are introduced into the geodetic strainmeter: one serves as a sensor to measure the strain applied on it, and the other acts as a reference to detect environmental noises. By integrating the sensor and reference signals in a mixer, the environmental noises are minimized and a lower mixed frequency is obtained. The lower mixed frequency allows for measurements to be taken with a portable spectrum analyzer, rather than an expensive spectrum analyzer or a vector network analyzer (VNA). Analysis of laboratory experiments shows that the strain can be measured by the CCBG sensor, and the portable spectrum analyzer can make measurements with the accuracy similar to the expensive spectrum analyzer, whose relative error to the spectrum analyzer R3272 is less than ±0.4%. The outputs of the geodetic strainmeter show a linear relationship with the strains that the CCBG sensor experienced. The measured sensitivity of the geodetic strainmeter is about −0.082 kHz/με; it can cover a large dynamic measuring range up to 2%, and its nonlinear errors can be less than 5.3%

Petrogenesis of Triassic granite from the Jintan pluton in Central Jiangxi Province, South China: implication for uranium enrichment

Numerous Triassic biotite granites and two-mica granites crop out in the interior of South China, and some of them possess high U contents, which have been regarded as the sources for later hydrothermal mineralization. Their petrogenesis is therefore crucial for constraining the possible origins of the U enrichment. Here we report new LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb ages, mineral geochemistry of biotite and muscovite, whole rock geochemical results and Sr-Nd and zircon Hf isotope data from the Jintan pluton in Central Jiangxi Province, South China. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that both biotite granite (BG) and two-mica granite (TMG) in the Jintan pluton crystallized at similar to 220 Ma. The TMG have higher U contents (7.85 to 48.90 ppm, average 18.44 ppm) than theBG (4.99 to 17.72 ppm, average 8.64 ppm). Both BG and TMG show negative whole-rock epsilon(Nd)(t)and zircon epsilon(Hf)(t)values and contain some inherited zircons. The TMG are strongly peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.13-133), contain abundant primary muscovite, and display S-type affinity on plots of Yvs Rb and Th vs Rb, suggesting that they are S-type granites. The BG also display S-type granite affinities on plots of Yvs Rb and Th vs Rb. The suites display similar Sr-Nd isotope compositions (BG initial Sr-87/(86) Sr values = 0.711389 to 0.714225 and E-Nd(t) = -9.91 to -9.16, TMG initial Sr-87/(86) Sr values = 0.711832 and epsilon(Nd)(t) = -10.02) and are spatially associated, suggesting that the BG should also be classified as S-type granites. The TMG have higher zircon epsilon Hf(t)values (-6.4 to -1.1) than the BG (-8.7 to -3.7), indicating the TMG and BG might be derived from similar sediments but possibly with some distinct characteristics in their sources. The BG exhibit linear covariations in chemical compositions with relatively high total REE and light REE contents and MgO contents, while the TMG displays broader compositional variations but with relatively low total REE, light REE and MgO contents. Biotite geochemistry indicates the TMG formed in a more reduced magmatic system than the BG. The temperatures estimated by zircon saturation thermometry indicate the BG had distinctly higher magmatic temperatures than the TMG. The TMG display relatively high Al2O3/TiO2 ratios and low CaO/Na2O ratios than the BG but have higher Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios. The geochemical and petrological data suggest the BG were derived from clay-poor psammite sources at deeper levels with higher temperatures and higher oxygen fugacity, and underwent an extensive fractional crystallization, while the TMG was derived from clay-rich pelitic sources at higher levels and lower temperatures and oxygen fugacity with only limited fractional crystallization. We conclude that the combination of U-rich sources, physical-chemical conditions such as low partial melting temperature or low degrees of partial melting, a reduced environment and low REE and LREE contents of magmas controlled the U enrichment in TMG. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A Novel Fluoroimmunoassay for Detecting Ruscogenin with Monoclonal Antibodies Conjugated with CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots

Ruscogenin (RUS) is a steroidal sapogenin found in Ruscus aculeatus and Ophiopogon japonicus with several pharmacological activities. In the work reported herein, a novel method termed competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) coupled with quantum dots (QDs) was developed for the quick and sensitive determination of RUS in biological samples. The mAbs against RUS were conjugated with CdSe/ZnS QDs by the crossing-linking reagents and an indirect cFLISA method was developed. There was a good linear relationship between inhibition efficiency and logarithm concentration of RUS which was varied from 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL. The IC50 and limit of detection (LOD) were 9.59 ng/mL and 0.016 ng/mL respectively, which much lower than the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The recoveries in plasma and tissues were ranged from 82.3% to 107.0% and the intra- and inter-day precision values were below 15%. The developed cFLISA has been successfully applied to the measurement of the concentrations of RUS in biological samples of rats, and showed great potential for the tissue distribution study of RUS. The cFLISA method may provide a valuable tool for the analysis of small molecules in biological samples and such an approach could be applied to other natural products

Research on the Accurate Measurement and Analysis of Carbon Emissions by Carbon Real Measurement

The practice of carbon emission accurate measurement system application scenario of carbon electricity coupling and carbon real measurement is carried out, based on the carbon constraint background, the whole process of carbon production and emission is accurately pictured, and the carbon measurement real measurement and carbon electricity factor measurement model adapted to multiple industries is constructed in this way. The carbon measurement is carried out by collecting data from power plants in the field and automatically matching various carbon emission parameters with the calculation model to calculate the carbon emissions of the group in real time. Carbon electricity factor measurement for energy data that cannot be directly obtained, build an industry-wide carbon emission measurement and monitoring mechanism driven by electricity ties, and combine with third-party accounting agencies to certify the measurement results to indirectly display carbon emission data by electricity