XAIR: A Framework of Explainable AI in Augmented Reality

Explainable AI (XAI) has established itself as an important component of AI-driven interactive systems. With Augmented Reality (AR) becoming more integrated in daily lives, the role of XAI also becomes essential in AR because end-users will frequently interact with intelligent services. However, it is unclear how to design effective XAI experiences for AR. We propose XAIR, a design framework that addresses "when", "what", and "how" to provide explanations of AI output in AR. The framework was based on a multi-disciplinary literature review of XAI and HCI research, a large-scale survey probing 500+ end-users' preferences for AR-based explanations, and three workshops with 12 experts collecting their insights about XAI design in AR. XAIR's utility and effectiveness was verified via a study with 10 designers and another study with 12 end-users. XAIR can provide guidelines for designers, inspiring them to identify new design opportunities and achieve effective XAI designs in AR.Comment: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing System

How Traditional is the Romance? Heroines, Stereotypes, and the Heterosexual Script

Romance novels are often criticized by feminists and critics for promoting traditional, patriarchal values that constrain women to domestic roles and for encouraging unrealistic romantic beliefs. I did a content analysis of short romance stories written by amateur writers on a site called Wattpad. I examined gender stereotypes in the heroines and the presence of the heterosexual script, specifically studying warmth, competence, and romantic assertiveness. I additionally explored the endings and the characteristics of the “other woman” (antagonist). Heroines were rated as warm, competent, and romantically passive; the vast majority of the stories had happy endings. I also discovered that other women were cold, neither incompetent nor competent, romantically assertive, and that there were negative reactions to their sexual behavior. These findings indicate that heroines are not stereotypically warm and weak but that they do follow the heterosexual script and that the other women may be criticized for breaking the script