Avoided temperatures by young fish [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.50, 45-47, 1981]

Directed local changes of water temperature for the purpose of controlling the behaviour of fish are based on the knowledge of the characteristics of seasonal-age dynamics of their thermoadaptation possibilities. These possibilities are still inadequately studied especially in relation to avoided temperatures. By the authors the attempt was made to determine zones of avoided temperatures for the young of five species of fish (bream, roach, blue bream, perch, peled) in the summer period of the year, and also to assess the influence on them of additional factors, in particular mechanical driving. In parallel in two-fold repetition were conducted experiments on the determination of selected, shock and lethal temperatures of these fish. Experiments were conducted with fish, caught in the littoral of the Rybinsk reservoir

Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systematics of fine sediments from the modern rivers in SW Japan : Implications for sediment provenance of the Northwest Pacific

As reference data for comprehensive provenance analyses of deep-sea sediments in the Northwest Pacific region, we present Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of fine sediments sampled from 48 rivers in southwest Japan. Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios are reliable indicators of sediment sources. Although isotopic data of fine sediments in Chinese arid regions, known to be Asian dust sources, are abundant, comparable data from southwest Japan are scarce, even though southwest Japan, owing to its tectonic activity, is a major sediment source to the Northwest Pacific. Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios of our riverine fine sediment samples vary greatly (87Sr/86Sr, 0.707–0.724; 143Nd/144Nd, 0.5120–0.5129; 206Pb/204Pb, 18.16–18.89; 207Pb/204Pb, 15.55–15.66; and 206Pb/204Pb, 38.13–39.09), and these variations are clearly dependent on the principal geology of each river's watershed. These results indicate that these isotope ratios can be effectively used to discriminate the geological sources of the sediments. Sediments from watersheds dominated by Quaternary volcanic rocks have the lowest 87Sr/86Sr and Pb isotope ratios and the highest 143Nd/144Nd ratios, whereas sediments from watersheds dominated by accretionary sedimentary rocks generally have high 87Sr/86Sr and Pb isotope ratios and low 143Nd/144Nd ratios, but their specific values vary depending on the age and geographic location of the rocks. The isotope compositions of sediments from watersheds with exposed Cretaceous granitic and metamorphic rocks are also distinctive. Comparison between the isotope ratios of Japanese river sediments and the Northwest Pacific seafloor sediments suggests the importance of sediment transport by the Kuroshio Current to the Northwest Pacific

Comparison of drag measurements of two axisymmetric scramjet models at Mach 6

Axial forces on quasi-axisymmetric scramjet models designed for operation at Mach 6 and Mach 8 were measured in the T4 Stalker tube at The University of Queensland using a single component stress wave force balance. A Mach 6 nozzle was used. The nozzle supply enthalpy was varied from 3 to 9 MJ/kg and the nozzle supply pressure from 35 to 45 MPa. As the conditions varied, the Mach number varied from 5.7 to 6.7. For both test models, the drag coefficients decreased with increasing Mach number. However, significant differences between the models were not observed over a range of free stream Mach numbers. A theoretical procedure to calculate the drag coefficient was found to give good agreement with experiments when appropriate account was taken of flow spillage at the intake

臨床所見および検査成績からのスコアーによる喘息分類の特徴

Twenty six patients with bronchial asthma was classified by clinical symptoms and singns (clinical diagnosis), and the classification by clinical diagnosis was compared with the classification by a score calculated from clinical findings and examinations (score diagnosis). 1. Of 12 subjects with type Ia classified by clinical diagnosis, 8 cases with 0 to 49 ml/day of expectoration were evaluated as type Ia by score diagnosis. While four type Ia cases with 50 to 99ml/day of expectoration were calssified as type Ib by score diagnosis. The increased incidence of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these four cases was similar to the incidence in type Ib cases with hypersecretion. 2. All of 6 subjects with type Ib by clinical diagnosis were estimated as type Ib by score diagnosis. 3. Of 8 cases with type II by clinical diagnosis, 7 cases were assessed as type II by score diagnosis. One case with type II by clinical diagnosis and with the score of 10 points was evaluated as questionable type II by score diagnosis.気管支喘息36例を対象に,臨床病態による喘息の分類（臨床診断）を試み,この分類と臨床所見および臨床検査より求めたスコアーによる分類（スコアー分類）との比較検討を行った｡1.臨床分類でIa.単純性気管支攣縮型と診断された12症例のうち,1日喀痰量0-49mlの8症例は,スコアー分類では同様にIa.型と分類された｡一方,1日喀痰量50-99mlの4症例はスコアー分類ではIb.型（気管支攣縮+過分泌型）と分類された｡これら4症例のBALF中好酸球増多はIb.型に類似した病態であった｡2.臨床診断によりIb.型に分類された6症例はいずれもスコアー診断でもIb.型と分類された｡3.臨床診断によりII.型（細気管支閉塞型）と分類された8症例のうち,7症例はスコアー診断でもII.型と分類されたが,1症例はスコアー10でII.型の診断基準に合わず,questionable II.型と診断された

Comparison study for forced convection heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide flowing in a pipe

Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.Forced convection heat transfer in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) was investigated experimentally in a horizontal circular tube with an inner diameter of 8.7 mm. The experiments were performed by varying the inlet fluid temperature, system pressure, wall heat flux, and mass flow rate. The corresponding Reynolds number at the inlet was between 20000 and 50000. Nusselt number at each section in the tube was obtained to investigate the influence of the experimental parameters on the forced convection heat transfer in the testing tube. The obtained heat transfer results were then compared with widely used empirical correlations to show their prediction accuracy for the experimental conditions tested.dc201

Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in a Patient with Anti-IFN-γ Autoantibodies

We treated a 72-year-old Japanese female with sustained high fever and overall body exhaustion. An infectious liver cyst and right lung pneumonia were suspected causes. Hepatic cystectomy and various antibiotics did not resolve symptoms. Pneumonia exacerbation and ascitic fluid retention, left lumbar spinal osteomyelitis, and peri-gastric lymph node abscess penetrating the stomach were observed. Mycobacterium avium was identified in sputum, ascites, vertebral body abscess puncture specimen, and pus mucus secretion in the stomach. We diagnosed a disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. She seemed immunocompetent, without signs of AIDS or hematological malignancy. Serum anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies tested positive and were suspected to be involved in the illness onset

Impact of flow unsteadiness on steady-state gas-path stagnation temperature measurements

Steady-state stagnation temperature probes are used during gas turbine engine testing as a means of characterising turbomachinery component performance. The probes are located in the high-velocity gas-path, where temperature recovery and heat transfer effects cause a shortfall between the measured temperature and the flow stagnation temperature. To improve accuracy, the measurement shortfall is corrected post-test using data acquired at representative Mach numbers in a steady aerodynamic calibration facility. However, probes installed in engines are typically subject to unsteady flows, which are characterised by periodic variations in Mach number and temperature caused by the wakes shed from upstream blades. The present work examines the impact of this periodic unsteadiness on stagnation temperature measurements by translating probes between jets with dissimilar Mach numbers. For conventional Kiel probes in unsteady flows, a greater temperature measurement shortfall is recorded compared to equivalent steady flows, which is related to greater conductive heat loss from the temperature sensor. This result is important for the application of post-test corrections, since an incorrect value will be applied using steady calibration data. A new probe design with low susceptibility to conductive heat losses is therefore developed, which is shown to deliver the same performance in both steady and unsteady flows. Measurements from this device can successfully be corrected using steady aerodynamic calibration data, resulting in improved stagnation temperature accuracy compared to conventional probe designs. This is essential for resolving in-engine component performance to better than +/-0.5% across all component pressure ratios

Subcutaneous endoscopically assisted ligation using miniport for the treatment of girls with inguinal hernia

Background This report describes the first miniport method using  subcutaneous endoscopically assisted ligation (SEAL) for the treatment of girls with inguinal hernia. To validate its safety and efficacy, the  authors evaluated their early experiences.Methods Between April 2014 and December 2014, 19 SEALs using miniport were performed on 14 patients at the Fukaya Red-Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan. Their mean age was 6 years (range, 11–128 months). This technique was performed using two ports (a 5mm port placed using the open technique and an additional 2mm miniport). A 5mm laparoscope was inserted via the umbilicus. The miniport was introduced percutaneously in the inguinal region under laparoscopic guidance and manipulated around the medial or lateral   hemicircumference of the internal ring extraperitoneally to place a purse-string around the internal ring. The hernia sac and patent processus vaginalis were closed at the level of the internal inguinal ring   extraperitoneally with circuit suturing using the 2mm miniport. Only the umbilical fascia was closed with an absorbable suture. No skin sutures were applied. We collected data regarding operative time, complications,and recurrence. Results The mean operative time was 20 ±6 min (unilateral, n =9) or 42± 8 min (bilateral, n= 5). The mean follow-up period was 12.8 ± 2.5 (range, 9–19) months. No intraoperative complications associated with theprocedure occurred and no hernial recurrences have been identified so far.Conclusion SEAL using miniport proved to be a successful operative procedure compared with other  laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure procedures and produced excellent cosmetic results. SEAL using miniport for the treatment of girls with inguinal hernias appears to be safe, effective, and reliable.Keywords: inguinal hernia, miniport, SEA