Additional file 1: Box S1. of Intensity of contact with frontline workers and its influence on maternal and newborn health behaviors: cross-sectional survey in rural Uttar Pradesh, India

Overview of administrative and healthcare system in India, frontline workers under government health system and Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas Pariyojana (RGMVP) (DOCX 15 kb

Crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis of <i>SLC2A9 rs6855911</i> and psychiatric disorders according to sex.

<p>GAD = generalized anxiety disorder.</p><p>ORs represent the effect of <i>SLC2A9 rs6855911</i> used as a continuous score of 0, 1 and 2 corresponding to GG, AG and AA genotype respectively with AA being the genotype associated with elevated levels of serum uric acid.</p><p>Adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, GFR (calculated according to Modification in Diet in Renal Disease equation) and drugs that influence uric acid and additionally for anxiety (in the association between SUA and depression) and depression (in the association between SUA and anxiety).</p><p>P_interaction = P value for sex-by-genotype interaction for its effect on psychiatric disorders.</p

Crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis of SUA (per 100 µmol/L) and psychiatric disorders in overall sample.

<p>MDD = major depressive disorder; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; and SUA = serum uric acid.</p><p>If P value for the quadratic term (SUA²) is significant, ORs derived from models with quadratic term are presented.</p><p>Adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, GFR (calculated according to Modification in Diet in Renal Disease equation) and drugs that influence uric acid and additionally for anxiety (in the association between SUA and depression) and depression (in the association between SUA and anxiety).</p><p>P_interaction = P value for multiplicative interaction parameter between SUA and sex; Interaction for models with a quadratic term was assessed using a likelihood ratio test (LRT) comparing a model which included SUA*sex and SUA²* sex and a model without; and §indicates P value of the LRT.</p>*<p>Logistic regression not possible due to zero prevalence; NA = not available.</p

Distribution of psychiatric disorders across sex-specific quintiles of SUA.

<p>MDD =  major depressive disorder; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; and SUA =  serum uric acid.</p>*<p>P-value <0.05 for quadratic trend tested by a crude logistic model which included a quadratic term (SUA squared) for continuous value of SUA.</p

Distribution of SUA and psychiatric outcomes across genotypes of <i>SLC2A9 rs6855911</i> in men and women.

<p>GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; and SUA = serum uric acid.</p><p>The results are expressed as numbers and percentages except for SUA which is expressed as mean and standard deviation.</p><p>Sex-by-genotype interaction were significant for its effect on lifetime and current any anxiety disorders and social phobia (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0076336#pone-0076336-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>).</p

Association between SNPs chosen as instruments and intermediate phenotype.

<p>BMI = body mass index; WC = waist circumference; SUA = serum uric acid; SNP = single-nucleotide polymorphism.</p

Association of adiposity measures (using combined SNPs from the <i>FTO</i>, <i>MC4R</i> and <i>TMEM18</i> gene as instrument) with SUA (dependent variable of interest) in the overall sample.

<p>BMI = body mass index; SNP = single-nucleotide polymorphism; SUA = serum uric acid; WC = waist circumference.</p><p>The β(95%CI) represents the association of SUA with adiposity markers as tested by the conventional epidemiological method (ordinary least square [OLS]) and by the instrumental variable analysis in a two-stage least square (2 SLS) regression (so called Mendelian randomization approach whenever the instruments are genetic variants). Similar magnitude and direction of coefficients derived from both the OLS and 2 SLS regressions suggest a causal effect of exposure (in this case adiposity) on the outcome of interest (in this case SUA). Further, a P value_2SLS <0.05 against the null hypothesis favors a causal effect of adiposity on SUA.</p>a<p><i>P</i> value from the Durbin-Hausman test which compares the difference between estimates derived from the OLS and 2 SLS regressions.</p><p>Results are expressed as standardized regression coefficient (β) along with 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p>Adjusted analysis controlled for age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and diuretic use.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of CoLaus participants.

<p>BMI = body mass index; GFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated according to Modification in Diet in Renal Disease equation); WC = waist circumference.</p>a<p>Results are presented as percentages.</p><p>Between-group comparisons by t-test, Chi-square test or Wilcoxon ranksum test.</p