Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) based on body mass index < 18.5 for male and female separately.

<p>Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) based on body mass index < 18.5 for male and female separately.</p

Curve estimation for assessing linear relationship between MUAC and BMI.

<p>Curve estimation for assessing linear relationship between MUAC and BMI.</p

Receiver operating curve of mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) based on body mass index (BMI <18.5) for male (left panel) female (right panel).

<p>Receiver operating curve of mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) based on body mass index (BMI <18.5) for male (left panel) female (right panel).</p

Anthropometric characteristics by sex.

<p>Anthropometric characteristics by sex.</p

Correlations of mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) with body mass index by sex.

<p>Correlations of mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) with body mass index by sex.</p

Evaluation of screening test of nutritional status (BMI < 18.5) by mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) based on highest Youden’s index.

<p>¹Positive if less than or equal to</p><p>² LRP: Likelihood Ratio for positive test</p><p>³LNR: Likelihood Ratio for negative test</p><p>Evaluation of screening test of nutritional status (BMI < 18.5) by mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) based on highest Youden’s index.</p

Redox-Induced Ion Pairing of Anionic Surfactants with Ferrocene-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers: Faradaic Electrochemistry and Surfactant Aggregation at the Monolayer/Liquid Interface

Oxidoreduction of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ferrocenyldodecanethiolate on gold in aqueous solutions of surface-active sodium <i>n</i>-alkyl sulfates (NaC_<i>n</i>SO₄) of 6, 8, 10, and 12 carbons is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and surface plasmon resonance. The effects of surfactant micellization and alkyl chain length on the redox response of the surface-tethered ferrocenes are examined. The SAM redox electrochemistry is sensitive to the surfactant aggregation state in solution. The nonideal behavior of the sodium alkyl sulfates at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration leads to a non-Nernstian variation of the SAM redox potential with concentration. The presence of micelles in solution results in decreased anodic-to-cathodic peak separations and anodic peak full widths at half-maximum. A longer alkyl chain length results in an increased ability of the alkyl sulfate anion to ion pair with the SAM-bound ferrocenium, resulting in oxidation of the ferrocene at lower potential. A comparison of the SAM redox potential at a fixed surfactant concentration of ideal behavior suggests a 4.5 × 10⁴ difference in the ion-pairing abilities of the shorter-chain C₆SO₄^– and longer-chain C₁₂SO₄^–. One-half of the available SAM-bound ferrocenes are oxidized in the NaC_<i>n</i>SO₄ electrolyte. Surfactant anions adsorb and assemble onto the SAM surface by specific ion-pairing interactions between the sulfate headgroups and oxidized ferrocenium species, forming an interdigitated monolayer in which the surfactant anions alternate between a heads-down and heads-up orientation with respect to the SAM. The work presented points to applications of ferrocenylalkanethiolate SAMs as anion-selective membranes, probes of micelle formation, and surfaces for the electrochemically switchable assembly of organosulfates

TPTest results in different study groups.

*<p>>10 ELISA unit was considered a positive TPTest (see text).</p

Clinical characteristics of study participants.

a<p>Significantly different (p<0.05) when compared blood culture confirmed bacteremia.</p

Comparison of TPTest results using various techniques.

<p>(<b>A</b>) The TPTest was carried out using leukocytes recovered by various techniques: density gradient centrifugation, erythrocyte lysis buffer, and buffy coat separation. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the responses of different blood cell separation methods. RBC, red blood cell. (<b>B</b>) Comparison of TPTest results using peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated at 37°C in the presence or absence of supplemental CO₂. >10 ELISA units was considered a positive TPTest (see text).</p