Representative Western blots for total mTOR protein content (A); mTOR mRNA expression (B).

<p>The results are expressed as the means ± SEM. The values represent 6 animals/group. * <i>p</i><0.05, as indicated by ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. C = control rats; CS = control rats supplemented with glutamine; D = diabetic rats; DS = diabetic rats supplemented with glutamine.</p

Soleus cross-sectional area (µm²) analysis.

<p>The results are expressed as the means ± SEM. The values represent 6 animals/group. * <i>p</i><0.05, as indicated by the Anderson–Darling Normality Test. C = control rats; CS = control rats supplemented with glutamine; D = diabetic rats; DS = diabetic rats supplemented with glutamine.</p

Sequences of the primers, and annealing temperatures for the Real Time PCR of the genes studied.

<p>Sequences of the primers, and annealing temperatures for the Real Time PCR of the genes studied.</p

Plasma glutamine concentration (mM).

<p>The results are expressed as the means ± SEM. The values represent 6 animals/group. * <i>p</i><0.05, as indicated by ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. C = control rats; CS = control rats supplemented with glutamine; D = diabetic rats; DS = diabetic rats supplemented with glutamine.</p

Representative Western blots for total MuRF-1 protein content (A); MuRF-1 mRNA expression (B).

<p>The results are expressed as the means ± SEM. The values represent 6 animals/group. * <i>p</i><0.05, as indicated by ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. C = control rats; CS = control rats supplemented with glutamine; D = diabetic rats; DS = diabetic rats supplemented with glutamine.</p

Soleus muscle glutamine concentration (nmols/mg protein) (A); soleus muscle glutamate concentration (nmols/mg protein) (B); glutamine/glutamate ratio (C).

<p>The results are expressed as the means ± SEM. The values represent 6 animals/group. * <i>p</i><0.05, as indicated by ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. C = control rats; CS = control rats supplemented with glutamine; D = diabetic rats; DS = diabetic rats supplemented with glutamine.</p

Representative Western blots for phosphorylated and total Akt (A); pAkt/tAKT ratio (B); Akt mRNA expression (C).

<p>The results are expressed as the means ± SEM. The values represent 6 animals/group. * <i>p</i><0.05, as indicated by ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. C = control rats; CS = control rats supplemented with glutamine; D = diabetic rats; DS = diabetic rats supplemented with glutamine.</p

Representative Western blots for total 4E-BP1 protein content (A), 4E-BP1 mRNA expression (B).

<p>The results are expressed as the means ± SEM. The values represent 6 animals/group. * <i>p</i><0.05, as indicated by ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. C = control rats; CS = control rats supplemented with glutamine; D = diabetic rats; DS = diabetic rats supplemented with glutamine.</p