POTENTIAL OF MEDIA EDUCATION IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MUSIC TEACHERS

         The article examines pedagogical activity as a way of social and cultural practice of the individual, which implements the tasks of preserving national traditions, adapting and regulating the process of professional development of a future teacher. The modernization of the educational system of Ukraine is determined by the tendencies of European integration, which can be considered an essential lever of success not only for the economic and political transformation of society, but also for strategic changes in the educational policy of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the practical importance of media education, taking into account modern trends in the modernization of the educational system in Ukraine in the era of globalization of the world educational space. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to consider the role of media education in the professional activities of future music education specialists, to substantiate media education as a component of general education, and media literacy and media competence as a component of the professional and general culture of a modern music teacher; identify ways to solve the problem of the need for media education in the professional activity of a future musician teacher; to reveal and analyze promising directions for increasing the level of media educational training of future music teachers in social relations, new dimensions of his self-realization; substantiate the conclusions and directions for further consideration of the selected problem. The main methods used in the study are comparative, analytical, systemic and structural. Conclusions. We consider media education as a component of ICT, which includes, on the one hand, knowledge, skills and abilities of their application, on the other hand, media literacy, media competence and media culture. We associate the training of future teachers of musical disciplines using ICT tools with the need to improve the state educational standard by introducing new specialties, the need for which is dictated by the current state of art education and culture. The practical implementation of media education requires a change in scientific views on the need to introduce media education as a component of general education, and media literacy and media competence as an integral part of the professional and general culture of a modern music teacher. The solution to the problem posed also depends on the understanding of the value of professional activity, which occurs only through the actualization of the processes of self-awareness by future teachers-musicians, revealing themselves in the search for the meaning of artistic values.          Key words: media education, modernization of professional training, musical and pedagogical activity, information and communication technologies, future teacher-musician

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake, a shallow lake along the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, China

Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes were studied in autumn 2007 in the Xiaosihai Lake, a shallow lake along the middle reach of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Based on the plant cover, the lake was divided into three major habitats: Myriophyllum spicatum habitat (MS habitat), Trapa bispinosa habitat (TB habitat), and non-vegetation habitat (NV habitat). A modified pop-net was used for quantitative sampling of small fishes in the three habitats, and the Zippin's removal method was used for estimating densities of the small fishes. A total of 13 species belonging to 5 families were collected, with 11 species in MS habitat, 7 species in TB habitat, and 5 species in NV habitat. Habitat type had significant effect on the spatial distribution of small fishes. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the MS, TB and NV habitats were 1.28, 0.56 and 0.54, respectively. The total density and biomass of small fishes were significantly higher in the MS habitat (13.68 ind/m(2) and 4.44 g/m(2)) than in the TB habitat (1.41 ind/m(2) and 0.54 g/m(2)) and the NV habitat (1.08 ind/m(2) and 0.40 g/m(2)), and were not significantly different between the TB habitat and the NV habitat. Water depth had no significant effect on spatial distribution of the small fishes. It was suggested that vegetation type played an important role in habitat selectivity of small fishes, and the presence of submersed vegetation should be of significance in the conservation of small fish diversity

Multifaceted fish diversities respond differently to impounding age and longitudinal location along a reservoir cascade

Damming usually modifies riverine habitats, which affects various aspects of fish diversity, especially in a reservoir cascade. Their influence on fish assemblage has been studied widely, but a lack of data from the diversity perspective remains. The Gezhouba Reservoir and Three Gorges Reservoir are two of the largest cascaded reservoirs located on the upper Yangtze River. In this study, we investigated the current fish assemblages in 2020∼2021 and retrieved 22 previous investigations in different sections of this cascade system to analyze how fish taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic alpha- and beta-diversity change with the distance from the dams and the impounding age during 1998∼2021, and all sampling sites are located in the upper section of the dams. The total species richness and phylogenetic diversity increased significantly with the distance from the dams, but the functional diversity did not change substantially. No significant difference was found in the influence of impounding age on the three aspects of fish diversity. We observed a noticeable increase in non-indigenous fish species richness, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity over time, these effects were similar in areas at different distances from the dams. The species richness and phylogenetic diversity of lotic fish decreased from the lotic to lentic zones, whereas the functional and phylogenetic diversities decreased significantly with impounding age. The taxonomic beta-diversity was remarkably higher than the functional and phylogenetic beta-diversities. The differences among the three facets of beta-diversity were driven by a lower functional turnover than the taxonomic and phylogenetic turnovers, and their nestedness components were low without exception. The present study suggests that trade-offs should be considered when designing policies to protect fish diversity based on different objectives

Impacts of hatchery-reared mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi stocking on wild fish community and water quality in a shallow Yangtze lake

Mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi, a valuable piscivorous fish, have been stocked into many lakes in China since the 1990s. This study did the first attempt to evaluate the ecological effects of hatchery-reared mandarin fish stocking in the Yangtze River basin lakes. Our study demonstrated a significant change in fish community composition after mandarin fish stocking, but no fish extinction was observed. No significant difference was observed in the total density of 13 forage fish before and after mandarin fish stocking, but the total biomass showed a significant decline after mandarin fish stocking. Significant differences in length-frequency distributions were observed for Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva and Toxabramis swinhonis captured before and after stocking mandarin fish. No significant change in habitat distribution was detected before and after mandarin fish stocking. A marked decline in total nitrogen and a slight decline in total phosphorus were observed while a slight increasing trend for Secchi depth was found after stocking. Our findings suggested that mandarin fish stocking can increase predation pressure on forage fish and subsequently optimize the food web structure. Also, mandarin fish stocking has the potential to improve water quality and may be a feasible strategy to alleviate eutrophication of shallow Yangtze lakes

Status and historical changes in the fish community in Erhai Lake

Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed considerably. We evaluated the status of the fish community based on surveys with multimesh gillnet, trap net, and benthic fyke-net between May 2009 and April 2012. In addition, we evaluated the change in the community using historical data (1952-2010) describing the fish community and fishery harvest. The current fish community is dominated by small-sized fishes, including Pseudorasbora parva, Rhinogobius giurinus, Micropercops swinhonis, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei. These accounted for 87.7% of the 22 546 total specimens collected. Omnivorous and carnivorous species dominated the community. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plot revealed that the distribution of fishes in the lake is influenced by aquatic plants, water temperature, pH, and season. The abundance of indigenous species has declined sharply, and a majority of endemic species have been extirpated from the lake (a decrease from seven to two species). In contrast, the number of exotic species has increased since the 1960s to a total of 22 at present. The fishery harvest decreased initially following the 1960s, but has since increased due to the introduction of non-native fish and stocking of native fish. The fishery harvest was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, not total phosphorus, during the past 20 years. Based on our results, we discuss recommendations for the restoration and conservation of the fish resources in Erhai Lake.Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake on the Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. In recent decades, a number of exotic fish species have been introduced into the lake and the fish community has changed considerably. We evaluated the status of the fish community based on surveys with multimesh gillnet, trap net, and benthic fyke-net between May 2009 and April 2012. In addition, we evaluated the change in the community using historical data (1952-2010) describing the fish community and fishery harvest. The current fish community is dominated by small-sized fishes, including Pseudorasbora parva, Rhinogobius giurinus, Micropercops swinhonis, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei. These accounted for 87.7% of the 22 546 total specimens collected. Omnivorous and carnivorous species dominated the community. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) plot revealed that the distribution of fishes in the lake is influenced by aquatic plants, water temperature, pH, and season. The abundance of indigenous species has declined sharply, and a majority of endemic species have been extirpated from the lake (a decrease from seven to two species). In contrast, the number of exotic species has increased since the 1960s to a total of 22 at present. The fishery harvest decreased initially following the 1960s, but has since increased due to the introduction of non-native fish and stocking of native fish. The fishery harvest was significantly correlated with total nitrogen, not total phosphorus, during the past 20 years. Based on our results, we discuss recommendations for the restoration and conservation of the fish resources in Erhai Lake

Fish resources and fishery utilization of Lake Poyang

An investigation on fish resources and fishery utilization of Lake Poyang, the largest freshwater lake in China, was carried out from winter 1997 to spring 2000. During the period of 1955 - 2000, the accumulated number of 136 species, belonging to 25 families and 78 genera, was recorded in Lake Poyang. The largest of families was the Cyprinidae (71 species), contributing 52.2% to the total; the second was the Bagridae ( 12 species), accounting for 8.8%. During this investigation, 101 species were recorded, and 6 new records were found, which were Squalidus nitens ( Gunther), Microphysogobio tungtingensis (Nichols), Saurogobio gymnocheilus Lo, Yao et Chen, Acheilognathus barbatulus Gunther, Rhodeus fangi (Miao), Mugilogobius myxodermus (Herre). Moreover, fish composition in catch from several important fishing gears and the dynamic change in fish yield were analyzed, and some suggestions on the sustainable fisheries development were proposed

Fish gut microecosystem: a model for detecting spatial pattern of microorganisms

The spatial distribution pattern of organisms is a basic issue in understanding the mechanisms of community assembly. Although the spatial distributions of animals and plants have been well studied, those of microorganisms are still being debated. In this study, we used a fish gut microecosystem to detect the spatial pattern of microbes, because it can provide a relatively unified and stable environment. Results suggest that the turnover of intestinal bacterial assemblages showed a weak but highly significant negative correlation between similarity and distances in the microbial community, in respect of both grass carp intestinal loci distances and the geographical distance between fish sampling sites. Our results also suggest that intestinal bacterial assemblages responded to differences within the external environment and within different parts of the fish themselves. These results show that some, or possibly all, microbes are restricted in their distribution and that environmental factors are also important influences on the structure of intestinal bacterial assemblages. The fish gut microecosystem is useful in promoting study of the spatial distribution patterns of microorganisms

Neutral effects of turbidity across a gradient of vegetation density on the predation of juvenile mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)

Mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi is a widespread piscivorous species in lakes of the Yangtze River basin. However, their wild population has drastically declined, and survival and growth rates of stocked populations are low. Anthropogenic activities have reduced submersed vegetation and increased turbidity in lakes containing S. chuatsi, thus, we hypothesize that reduced submersed vegetation and increased turbidity could inhibit the feeding efficiency of juvenile S. chuatsi, subsequently reducing their growth and survival. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally examined the effects of a range of vegetation density and turbidity on predation of S. chuatsi. Laboratory predation trials were performed with a common prey fish Carassius auratus offered simultaneously to S. chuatsi in clear or turbid water under five different levels of vegetation density (0, 20, 40, 80, and 120 stems/m(2)). The total prey consumption per day (in 24 hr) by S. chuatsi on C. auratus was significantly affected by vegetation density, with the consumption positively linearly related with increased vegetation density. The total prey consumption was unaffected by turbidity. Prey size selection was not significantly influenced by vegetation density or turbidity. These results indicate that turbidity does not appear to negatively affect the predation of S. chuatsi, but a reduction of vegetation can negatively influence feeding induced by decreased predation efficiency, and hence might hinder survival and growth

Effects of water spinach Ipomoea aquatica cultivation on water quality and performance of Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis pond culture

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis is a highly valued freshwater species cultured in China. A 122 d experiment was conducted to assess the effects of water spinach Ipomoea aquatica cultivation in floating beds on water quality, and growth performance and economic return of P. sinensis cultured in ponds. Two treatments, each in triplicate, with and without I. aquatica cultivation were designed. Results showed that the levels of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (chl a) and turbidity in treatments with I. aquatica cultivation (IAC) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in treatments without I. aquatica (control). Mean TN and TP concentrations in the IAC treatment were 27.9 and 42.5%, respectively, lower than in the control treatment at the end of the experiment. The presence of I. aquatica also has a positive effect on the performance of P. sinensis. Although no significant difference was found in specific growth rate (SGR) between the 2 treatments, mean survival rates, production and net income were significantly higher in the IAC treatment compared to the control (p < 0.05). These results suggest that I. aquatica cultivation in the pond system of turtles has a synergistic effect on overall economic return and is effective at improving turtle growth performance and water quality