Unadjusted and adjusted associations between housework and two-week illness in retired older adults (n = 25,501).

<p>Note: *<i>P<</i>0.05;</p>**<p><i>P<</i>0.01;</p>***<p><i>P<</i>0.001 (two-tailed test).</p

Descriptive Statistics of Housework and two-week illness (n = 25,501).

<p>Descriptive Statistics of Housework and two-week illness (n = 25,501).</p

Descriptive Statistics of Socio-demographic variables (n = 25,501).

<p>Descriptive Statistics of Socio-demographic variables (n = 25,501).</p

Parity and the level of fasting plasma glucose.

<p>Note *P<0.05 for the comparison with women with one live birth, by using ANVOA and Dunnet’s test for <i>post hoc</i> analysis.</p

Baseline characteristics of study participants of 14196 women by parity.

<p>Note Abbreviations: y, years; DM, diabetes mellitus, BMI, body mass index.</p><p>Data are means ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated.</p><p>*ANVOA test numerical data.</p>‡<p>χ² test for categorical data.</p

Essential Metals Zinc, Selenium, and Strontium Protect against Chromosome Damage Caused by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure

Essential metals play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis, but the effects of their interaction with the environmental pollutants are still not very well-known in human subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of essential metals and their interactions with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on chromosome damage, an early carcinogenic event. A total of 1245 male workers were included in this study and the levels of 11 urinary essential metals, 12 urinary PAH metabolites, plasma concentrations of benzo­[a]­pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydotetrol-albumin (BPDE-Alb) adducts, and lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) frequencies were monitored. We found that zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and strontium (Sr) have significant inverse dose–response relationships with MN frequencies (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the protective roles of Zn, Se, and Sr were mainly shown among subjects with high levels of BPDE-Alb adducts. Significant effect modification of BPDE-Alb adducts on the associations of Zn, Se, and Sr with MN frequencies was observed (all <i>P</i>_interaction < 0.05). Our study showed evidence that Zn, Se, and Sr play protective roles in reducing chromosome damage, and these effects can be modified by PAH exposure levels. These findings add potential evidence for the preventive effects of Zn, Se, and Sr against carcinogenesis in human subjects

Association of urinary PAHs metabolites quartiles and ln-transformed IL-6.

<p><i>P</i>_trend was calculated from the regression models, adjusting for age, sex, length of work, smoking status, alcohol use, BMI, physical activity, working sites, workshift and weekday. 1-OHNa: Q1 (≤0.92 μg/mmol creatinine), Q2 (0.92–1.57 μg/mmol creatinine), Q3 (1.57–2.80 μg/mmol creatinine), Q4 (>2.80 μg/mmol creatinine); 1-OHPh: Q1 (≤0.40 μg/mmol creatinine), Q2 (0.40–0.84 μg/mmol creatinine), Q3 (0.84–1.55 μg/mmol creatinine), Q4 (>1.55 μg/mmol creatinine); 9-OHPh: Q1 (≤0.39 μg/mmol creatinine), Q2 (0.39–0.70 μg/mmol creatinine), Q3 (0.70–1.35 μg/mmol creatinine), Q4 (>1.35 μg/mmol creatinine); 1-OHP: Q1 (≤1.86 μg/mmol creatinine), Q2 (1.86–3.29 μg/mmol creatinine), Q3 (3.29–6.11 μg/mmol creatinine), Q4 (>6.11 μg/mmol creatinine).</p

The baseline levels of biochemical traits of the participants according to shift work (Mean±SD).

<p>Abbreviation: SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p><p><i>P</i> values were calculated by independent sample t-test for numerical data.</p

General characteristics of the workers by urinary total OH-PAHs levels^*.

<p>BMI, body mass index; HF, high frequency; HRV, heart rate variability; Hsp70, heat shock protein 70; IL-6, interleukin-6; LF, low frequency; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences in adjacent NN intervals; SDNN, standard deviation of NN intervals; TP, total power.</p><p>*Values are presented as mean ± SD, n (%), or median (25th, 75th quartile) unless otherwise indicated.</p>a<p>ΣOH-PAHs was dichotomized at the 33th percentile as either low (≤8.84 μg/mmol creatinine) or high (>8.84 μg/mmol creatinine). ^b<i>P-</i>values were calculated by χ² test for categorical variables, and t-test for continuous variables. ^c HRV indices were natural log transformed.</p

Odds ratio of impaired and poor sleeping quality according to duration of shift work and years after leaving shifts.

<p>The figure shows odds ratio of impaired and poor sleeping quality comparing to normal sleeping quality group according to duration shift work and duration of leaving shifts. The model adjusted for gender (male, female), age (<60 y, 60–75 y, ≥75 y), race (Han, others), marital status (single or divorced, married), tea consumption (no, yes), life stress (no, yes), current smoking status (no, yes), passive smoking (no, yes), current drinking status (no, yes), physical activity (no, yes), body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24, 24–28, ≥28), chronic diseases (no, yes).</p