Modelling the sound absorption of panels with tapered elliptic micro-perforations

A theoretical model is developed in the present study to predict the spectral characteristics of the sound absorption of solid panels with tapered elliptic micro-perforations backed by a rigid wall cavity. In the model, plane wave propagation is assumed along the length of the perforation in the presence of a viscous boundary layer at the internal wall of the perforation. End impedances are approximated using results in existing literature. Validation is done using impedance tube measurements. It is confirmed that the present tapered elliptic perforation model can give much better agreement with experimental results than the conventional cylindrical perforation model for all micro-perforation configurations tested. Results also suggest the importance of perforation density in controlling the variation of sound absorption of the panel absorbers upon changes in perforation configurations

Origin of the roughness exponent in elastic strings at the depinning threshold

Within a recently developed framework of dynamical Monte Carlo algorithms, we compute the roughness exponent $\zeta$ of driven elastic strings at the depinning threshold in 1+1 dimensions for different functional forms of the (short-range) elastic energy. A purely harmonic elastic energy leads to an unphysical value for $\zeta$. We include supplementary terms in the elastic energy of at least quartic order in the local extension. We then find a roughness exponent of $\zeta \simeq 0.63$, which coincides with the one obtained for different cellular automaton models of directed percolation depinning. The quartic term translates into a nonlinear piece which changes the roughness exponent in the corresponding continuum equation of motion. We discuss the implications of our analysis for higher-dimensional elastic manifolds in disordered media.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Sound transmission across a rectangular duct section with a thin micro-perforated wall backed by a sidebranch cavity

An experimental investigation was carried out in the present study for deeper understanding on the sound transmission across a rectangular duct section installed with a thin micro-perforated panel (as a duct wall) backed by a sidebranch cavity. The contributions of the panel configuration and the cavity depth on reducing sound transmission are examined in detail. Results indicate a complicated relationship between sound power transmission, micro-perforation configuration and backing cavity depth. For panels with strong sound absorption capacity, sound power transmission efficiency is reduced as the panels become less absorptive, but there exists a frequency or frequency band above which the opposite is observed. It appears that there is also a certain level of panel sound absorption below which the sound transmission is strengthened over the whole frequency range of present study when the panel becomes less absorptive to sound

Influence of the temperature on the depinning transition of driven interfaces

We study the dynamics of a driven interface in a two-dimensional random-field Ising model close to the depinning transition at small but finite temperatures T using Glauber dynamics. A square lattice is considered with an interface initially in (11)-direction. The drift velocity v is analyzed for the first time using finite size scaling at T = 0 and additionally finite temperature scaling close to the depinning transition. In both cases a perfect data collapse is obtained from which we deduce beta = 1/3 for the exponent which determines the dependence of v on the driving field, nu = 1 for the exponent of the correlation length and delta = 5 for the exponent which determines the dependence of v on T.Comment: 5 pages, Latex, Figures included, to appear in Europhys. Let

Pipe network model for scaling of dynamic interfaces in porous media

We present a numerical study on the dynamics of imbibition fronts in porous media using a pipe network model. This model quantitatively reproduces the anomalous scaling behavior found in imbibition experiments [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 52}, 5166 (1995)]. Using simple scaling arguments, we derive a new identity among the scaling exponents in agreement with the experimental results.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Loss of the PTCH1 tumor suppressor defines a new subset of plexiform fibromyxoma.

BackgroundPlexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a rare gastric tumor often confused with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. These so-called "benign" tumors often present with upper GI bleeding and gastric outlet obstruction. It was recently demonstrated that approximately one-third of PF have activation of the GLI1 oncogene, a transcription factor in the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, via a MALAT1-GLI1 fusion protein or GLI1 up-regulation. Despite this discovery, the biology of most PFs remains unknown.MethodsNext generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of PF specimens collected from three institutions (UCSD, NCI and OHSU). Fresh frozen tissue from one tumor was utilized for in vitro assays, including quantitative RT-PCR and cell viability assays following drug treatment.ResultsEight patients with PF were identified and 5 patients' tumors were analyzed by NGS. An index case had a mono-allelic PTCH1 deletion of exons 15-24 and a second case, identified in a validation cohort, also had a PTCH1 gene loss associated with a suspected long-range chromosome 9 deletion. Building on the role of Hh signaling in PF, PTCH1, a tumor suppressor protein, functions upstream of GLI1. Loss of PTCH1 induces GLI1 activation and downstream gene transcription. Utilizing fresh tissue from the index PF case, RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated expression of Hh pathway components, SMO and GLI1, as well as GLI1 transcriptional targets, CCND1 and HHIP. In turn, short-term in vitro treatment with a Hh pathway inhibitor, sonidegib, resulted in dose-dependent cell killing.ConclusionsFor the first time, we report a novel association between PTCH1 inactivation and the development of plexiform fibromyxoma. Hh pathway inhibition with SMO antagonists may represent a target to study for treating a subset of plexiform fibromyxomas

Depinning of elastic manifolds

We compute roughness exponents of elastic d-dimensional manifolds in (d+1)-dimensional embedding spaces at the depinning transition for d=1,...,4. Our numerical method is rigorously based on a Hamiltonian formulation; it allows to determine the critical manifold in finite samples for an arbitrary convex elastic energy. For a harmonic elastic energy, we find values of the roughness exponent between the one-loop and the two-loop functional renormalization group result, in good agreement with earlier cellular automata simulations. We find that the harmonic model is unstable with respect both to slight stiffening and to weakening of the elastic potential. Anharmonic corrections to the elastic energy allow us to obtain the critical exponents of the quenched KPZ class.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

KPZ equation in one dimension and line ensembles

For suitably discretized versions of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in one space dimension exact scaling functions are available, amongst them the stationary two-point function. We explain one central piece from the technology through which such results are obtained, namely the method of line ensembles with purely entropic repulsion.Comment: Proceedings STATPHYS22, Bangalore, 200