Review of Lectures d\u27une amvre: George Eliot, \u27The Mill on the Floss\u27

George Eliot\u27s novels have never been received in France with great enthusiasm. Translatiom have been relatively sparse, and it is still difficult to find more than one or two titles in Paris. even in the best academic bookshops, whereas Jane Austen\u27s novels are widely read. Only a detailed reception history could reveal the reasons for this response, although it no doubt has something to do with the high Victorian tone and sentiments of George Eliot\u27s writing, which would have fallen on deaf ears in late nineteenth-century France and a fortiori in the successive phases of twentieth-century modernism. The renewed interest brought about first by Leavis and later by feminist critics have had no equivalent in France, where feminism has in the main been more theoretically oriented and where the doxa of the \u27death of the (realist) novel\u27 has remained persistent. However, The Mill on the Floss (together with Si/as Mamer) has been something of an exception, perhaps because of its sophisticated probing of the themes of childhood and memory, which drew applause from Proust; the blurb calls it \u27[le] roman le plus connu de George Eliot.\u27 It appears regularly on the syllabus of higher education examinations in France, and this collection of fourteen essays appears to be designed primarily for French students of English literature. Six (plus the Introduction) are in English, the remainder in French; the authors include some very well-known George Eliot specialists (Beryl Gray, Barbara Hardy, John Rignall), two senior French anglicistes (Fran~oise Dupeyron-Lafay, Annie Escuret), and a number of younger colleagues, most of them in the postdoctoral phase of their careers. The essays are loosely grouped under the headings \u27Entre nature et culture\u27, \u27Temps et tragedie\u27, \u27Du visuel au visionnaire: images et imagination\u27, \u27Realisme, verite, interpretation\u27, and \u27Epistemologies\u27. However, there are many themes which cut across the sectional divisions: images of the natural world, the question of metaphor itself, the relation of language to truth, gender issues and the position of the woman writer, the scientific (especially pre-Darwinian) frame of reference, the tragic trajectory of the novel, and of course the vexed question of its final episode. These overlaps helpfully allow the reader to compare different interpretations of particular passages and sometimes conflicting perspectives on key critical problems. The volume would have gained considerably in coherence and focus, however, if the authors had been encouraged to exchange drafts and insert some mutual cross-references. As it is, there is at times a disconcerting sense of dija vu when, for example, the putative mole on the waggoner\u27s face or Mr. Stelling\u27s educational principles reappear for the third or fourth time. The brief bibliographies supplied by each author could also have been usefully supplemented by the addition of a more comprehensive and balanced bibliography at the end of the volume

Housing Subsidies: A Closer Look at the Issues

To improve poor household’s access to housing, the government has provided subsidies to lower production costs and make housing units more affordable to low-income groups. However, mechanisms should be implemented to ensure that the intended targets are the ones who receive it. This issue reviews the beneficiaries of subsidies, its transfer mechanisms and its budgetary implications. This hopes to eliminate the mismatch between what the government should provide and the estimated housing targets.housing finance, housing subsidy, subsidy

The design and investigation of nanocomposites containing dimeric nematogens and liquid crystal gold nanoparticles with plasmonic properties showing a nematic-nematic phase transition (Nᵤ-Nₓ/Ntb)

The construction of liquid crystal compositions consisting of the dimeric liquid crystal, CB_C9_CB (cyanobiphenyl dimer = 1",9"-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-yl)nonane), and the range of nematic systems is explored. The materials include a laterally functionalized monomer, which was used to construct a phase diagram with CB_C9_CB, as well as one laterally linked dimer liquid crystal material and two liquid crystal gold nanoparticle (LC-Au-NPs) systems. For the Au-NP-LCs, the NP diameters were varied between ~3.3 nm and 10 nm. Stable mixtures that exhibit a nematic-nematic phase transition are reported and were investigated by POM (polarizing optical microscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and X-ray diffraction studies

Energy equality for the compressible Primitive Equations with vacuum

We study the energy conservation for the weak solutions to the compressible Primitive Equations (CPE) system with degenerate viscosity. We give sufficient conditions on the regularity of weak solutions for the energy equality to hold, even for solutions that may include a vacuum. In this paper, we give two theorems, the first one gives regularity in the classical isotropic Sobolev and Besov spaces. The second one state result in anisotropic spaces. We get new regularity results in the second theorem because of the special structure of the CPE system, which is in contrast to compressible Navier-Stokes equations

Aberration in qualitative multilevel designs

Generalized Word Length Pattern (GWLP) is an important and widely-used tool for comparing fractional factorial designs. We consider qualitative factors, and we code their levels using the roots of the unity. We write the GWLP of a fraction ${\mathcal F}$ using the polynomial indicator function, whose coefficients encode many properties of the fraction. We show that the coefficient of a simple or interaction term can be written using the counts of its levels. This apparently simple remark leads to major consequence, including a convolution formula for the counts. We also show that the mean aberration of a term over the permutation of its levels provides a connection with the variance of the level counts. Moreover, using mean aberrations for symmetric $s^m$ designs with $s$ prime, we derive a new formula for computing the GWLP of ${\mathcal F}$. It is computationally easy, does not use complex numbers and also provides a clear way to interpret the GWLP. As case studies, we consider non-isomorphic orthogonal arrays that have the same GWLP. The different distributions of the mean aberrations suggest that they could be used as a further tool to discriminate between fractions.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur