Diversidade e estrutura genética em populações naturais de Hancornia speciosa var. speciosa Gomes no nordeste do Brasil

Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit tree native from Brazil that belongs to Apocinaceae family, and is popularly known as Mangabeira. Its fruits are widely consumed raw or processed as fruit jam, juices and ice creams, which have made it a target of intense exploitation. The extractive activities and intense human activity on the environment of natural occurrence of H. speciosa has caused genetic erosion in the species and little is known about the ecology or genetic structure of natural populations. The objective of this research was the evaluation of the genetic diversity and genetic structure of H. speciosa var. speciosa. The genetic variability was assessed using 11 allozyme loci with a sample of 164 individuals distributed in six natural populations located in the States of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity within the species (<img border=0 id="_x0000_i1026" src="/img/revistas/rbf/v34n4/a23img01.jpg" align=absmiddle>e= 0.36) seeing that the most of the genetic variability of H. speciosa var. speciosa is within its natural populations with low difference among populations ( <img border=0 id="_x0000_i1027" src="/img/revistas/rbf/v34n4/a23img02.jpg" align=absmiddle > or = 0.081). The inbreeding values within (<img border=0 id="_x0000_i1028" src="/img/revistas/rbf/v34n4/a23img03.jpg" align=absmiddle> = -0.555) and among populations (<img border=0 id="_x0000_i1029" src="/img/revistas/rbf/v34n4/a23img04.jpg" align=absmiddle> =-0.428) were low showing lacking of endogamy and a surplus of heterozygotes. The estimated gene flow ( <img border=0 id="_x0000_i1030" src="/img/revistas/rbf/v34n4/a23img05.jpg" align=absmiddle>m ) was high, ranging from 2.20 to 13.18, indicating to be enough to prevent the effects of genetic drift and genetic differentiation among populations. The multivariate analyses indicated that there is a relationship between genetic and geographical distances, which was confirmed by a spatial pattern analysis using Mantel test (r = 0.3598; p = 0.0920) with 1000 random permutations. The high genetic diversity index in these populations indicates potential for in situ genetic conservation

Competitive intelligence information management and innovation in small technology-based companies

In this article we examine how (i) company type and (ii) the competitive intelligence information used by small technology-based companies affect their innovation performance. The focus is on the specific information types used and not on the information sources. Information topics are classified in four groups - customers (10), company (9), competitor (11) and industry (12). The sample consists of 45 small new technology-based companies, specialized suppliers, and service companies from a variety of sectors - software, photonics, telecommunications, biomedical engineering and biotech, traditional manufacturing etc. The results suggest that the total number of intelligence information topics companies use to make decisions about innovation is not associated with the number of their new products, processes, services and patents. Therefore the companies in our sample do not seem to have the resources, processes or value systems required to use different competitive intelligence information when making decisions on innovation or may rely more on their own internal logic than on external information. Companies are classified using a Pavitt-like taxonomy. Service companies are considered as a separate company type. This allows for explicitly studying both, the innovative role of new services in product driven companies, and the role of new product development in service companies

Ventricular beat detection and classification in long term ECG recordings

The QRS detection is key component of each automated ECG analysis. For this purpose a lot of QRS algorithms have been already developed. In the same time the number of new published methods continues to grow up. This implicitly proves the impossibility of building such detector that could totally cover the variety of all shapes of ventricular beats encountered in practice. Generally, limited studies on discrimination between normal (sinus) and ectopic beats are available. The paper describes very fast procedure for accurate QRS detection in long term ECG Holter recordings, followed by classification of the complexes in normal and ectopic. The algorithm was tested with the widely accepted AHA and MIT-BIH databases. The obtained sensitivity and specificity are comparable to other published results

Towards a methodology for studying the application of open source innovation practices in non-software domains

This article represents an initial step in the development of a research methodology that will be applied later to study open source innovation practices in company projects where the released technology or asset is other than software code. A brief review of four possible analytical approaches is presented based on the research literature on open innovation, horizontal user innovation networks, business ecosystems and value creation and appropriation. The OpenAccess project of the Silicon Integration Initiative (Si2) is considered as a potential case study of non-software open source project

Bright and dark solitary wave propagation and bistability in the anomalous dispersion region of optical waveguides with third-and fifth-order nonlinearities

A unified analysis of all existing solitary wave solutions - bright, black and gray - of the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CQNLSE) is made concretely, considering a monomode step-index optical fibre with third-and fifth-order nonlinearities in the anomalous dispersion frequency region. Different aspects of the effect of the fifth-order nonlinearity, such as the existence of bright and gray solitary waves in the same parameter range and dark solitary wave bistability are considered. The influence of the distributions modified by the nonlinearity radial fields on the quintic dispersion coefficient in the CQNLSE is calculated. The results obtained are applicable to the cases of spatial solitons and optical beam self-action in highly nonlinear media

Photonic simulation software tools for education

A solid education in optical devices and optical communication systems must include an understanding of the basic building blocks of optical devices and networks as well as the interplay between them. Software vendors, such as Optiwave Systems Inc., provide free as well as for-purchase software tools that can be used in classroom and computer labs as an educational aid. This paper examines the role software simulation tools play in the education of students studying optical communication and related disciplines. The different techniques to employ photonic simulation software in classroom lectures, computer labs and graduate research are discussed

Effective area of the LP01 mode in non-linear optical fibres

Recent investigations on the nonlinear dispersion law and the nonlinear wavenumber shift of the LP01 mode in step-index optical waveguides are extended to determining the effective area of the mode. The obtained result differs from that conventionally used and defines more precisely the characteristics of the nonlinear effects of self-phase modulation and soliton formation

Photonic simulation software tools for education

A solid education in optical devices and optical communication systems must include an understanding of the basic building blocks of optical devices and networks as well as the interplay between them. Software vendors, such as Optiwave Systems Inc., provide free as well as for-purchase software tools that can be used in classroom and computer labs as an educational aid. This paper examines the role software simulation tools play in the education of students studying optical communication and related disciplines. The different techniques to employ photonic simulation software in classroom lectures, computer labs and graduate research are discussed

Solitary wave propagation and bistability in the normal dispersion region of highly nonlinear optical fibres and waveguides

Properties of bright solitary wave solutions of the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation are considered in the normal dispersion region of optical fibres and waveguides with third- and fifth-order nonlinearities. The case of an optical fibre is concretely considered but other possible waveguide geometries are also discussed. For comparison, the properties of the black solitary wave existing in the same parameter range are also considered. All soliton parameters are presented in a unified way as functions of the normalised pulse energy. The possibility for bistable behaviour of the solitary waves is examined and a new type of solitary wave bistability (bright-dark) is introduced. The role of the geometry of the waveguide and the appropriate materials for experimental observation of such waves are also discussed