Preliminary report of swimming behavior and the response to temperature of lacustrine masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort, monitored by data logger during the spawning migration in Lake Toya

Swimming depth and ambient water temperature of male masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort) during the spawning migration in Lake Toya was examined using a micro data logger. Soon after release, the fish swam along the coast and mean swimming depth and water temperature were 14.2±7.96m and 13.8±3.80℃. Then, the fish swam into a stream where mean swimming depth and water temperature were 1.6±3.28m and 18.3±1.58℃. The fish returned to the lake again where mean swimming depth and water temperature were 33.4±14.1m and 5.5±1.45℃. Finally, the fish swam into a stream again and stopped any vertical movements. The results show that the fish swam in coastal waters at a higher water temperature despite the likely higher energy expenditure and swam in deep, cooler water to recover between two upstream migration attempts. We hypothesize that temperature is not an important parameter for upstream migration and probably navigational mechanisms and hormonal motivation for spawning have affeted ambient temperature selection in lacustrine masu salmon during the spawning migration

Determination of Redox Potentials of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube by Using Spectroelectrochemistry

ナノダイナミクス国際シンポジウム 平成22年1月21日(木) 於長崎大学Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2010 (NSND2010), January 21, 2010, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Invited Lectur

Evaluation of interdiffusion in liquid phase during reactive diffusion between Cu and

Using Cu/Al diffusion couples initially composed of pure Cu and Al, the reactive diffusion in the binary Cu-Al system was experimentally examined in a previous study. The diffusion couple was isothermally annealed in the temperature range of T ¼ 973{1073 K. Due to annealing, compound layers of the , and " phases are formed between the Cu-rich solid () phase and the Al-rich liquid (L) phase, and the L=" interface migrates towards the " phase. At each annealing time, the migration distance of the L=" interface is much greater than the total thickness of the compound layers. Furthermore, there exists the parabolic relationship between the migration distance and the annealing time. This means that the migration of the interface is controlled by the volume diffusion in the L phase. The mathematical model for the interface migration controlled by volume diffusion was used in order to analyze quantitatively the migration rate of the interface. Through the analysis, the interdiffusion coefficient D of the L phase was evaluated to be 1:24 Â 10 À9 , 2:91 Â 10 À9 and 3:62 Â 10 À9 m 2 /s at T ¼ 973, 1023 and 1073 K, respectively. Expressing the temperature dependence of À4 m 2 /s and Q ¼ 93:5 kJ/mol were obtained by the least-squares method. According to the analysis, the interdiffusion coefficient is much greater for the L phase than for the solid phases. Consequently, the L=" interface migrates towards the " phase, and the migration rate of the interface is much greater than the overall growth rate of the compound layers

Whitish daytime radiative cooling using diffuse reflection of non-resonant silica nanoshells

Daytime radiative cooling offers efficient passive cooling of objects by tailoring their spectral responses, holding great promise for green photonics applications. A specular reflector has been utilized in cooling devices to minimize sunlight absorption, but such a glaring surface is visually less appealing, thus undesirable for public use. Here, by exploiting strong diffuse reflection of silica nanoshells in a polymer matrix, daytime radiative cooling below the ambient temperature is experimentally demonstrated, while showing whitish color under sunlight. The cooling device consists of a poly(methyl methacrylate) layer with randomly distributed silica nanoshells and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer on an Ag mirror. The non-resonant nanoshells exhibit uniform diffuse reflection over the solar spectrum, while fully transparent for a selective thermal radiation from the underneath PDMS layer. In the temperature measurement under the sunlight irradiation, the device shows 2.3 degrees C cooler than the ambient, which is comparable to or even better than the conventional device without the nanoshells. Our approach provides a simple yet powerful nanophotonic structure for realizing a scalable and practical daytime radiative cooling device without a glaring reflective surface

Dermoscopic Features of a Black Hairy Tongue in 2 Japanese Patients

Dermoscopic features of a black hairy tongue have never been reported. Dermoscopy might be useful in speculating pathologic features of oral lesions. The objective was to identify additional dermoscopic criteria. Two Japanese patients who were clinically given a diagnosis of “black hairy tongue” were evaluated for dermoscopic features. We have shown characteristic dermoscopic features of brownish hair-like elongation of filiform papillae with whitish lingual papillae. Dermoscopic examination seemed useful as an adjunct to the diagnosis of this benign disorder of the tongue, demonstrating exact changes in shape and color of filiform papillae. It might also be helpful in more objective observation of the therapeutic efficacy

Behavior of chum salmon as revealed by micro data loggers off the Sanriku coast, Japan: A review

The homing season of chum salmon in the Sanriku coastal area is generally late September to January. The surface water temperature is 20℃ at the beginning of the season and decreases to 12℃ at the end. This temperature condition is very tough for the homing migration of chum salmon, since they are typical cold-water species. How do they behave in the waters where temperatures can be close to their upper lethal limit? We monitored swimming behavior of salmon using micro data-loggers to study the relationship between homing behavior and ambient temperature. Seasonal changes in seawater temperature transformed the salmon behavior from deep diving to surface swimming. The deep diving is a type of behavioral thermoregulation in thermally stratified water with high surface temperature, whereas surface swimming helps the salmon to locate their natal rivers. Sexual maturation induced the salmon to seek their natal river in the surface water, even if their temperature was high. An analysis of the vertical movements of the salmon indicated that salmon are negatively buoyant throughout the dive, and thus, the energy cost for deep diving cannot be negligible. Our data indicate the high behavioral adaptability of salmon to such thermally stratified water with high surface temperature

Super-chiral vibrational spectroscopy with metasurfaces for high-sensitive identification of alanine enantiomers

Chiral nature of an enantiomer can be characterized by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, but such a technique usually suffers from weak signal even with a sophisticated optical instrument. Recent demonstrations of plasmonic metasurfaces showed that chiroptical interaction of molecules can be engineered, thereby greatly simplifying a measurement system with high sensing capability. Here, by exploiting super-chiral field in a metasurface, we experimentally demonstrate high-sensitive vibrational CD spectroscopy of alanine enantiomers, the smallest chiral amino acid. Under linearly polarized excitation, the metasurface consisting of an array of staggered Au nano-rods selectively produces the left- and right-handed super-chiral fields at 1600 cm−1, which spectrally overlaps with the functional group vibrations of alanine. In the Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer measurements, the mirror symmetric CD spectra of D- and L-alanine are clearly observed depending on the handedness of the metasurface, realizing the reliable identification of small chiral molecules. The corresponding numerical simulations reveal the underlying resonant chiroptical interaction of plasmonic modes of the metasurface and vibrational modes of alanine. Our approach demonstrates a high-sensitive vibrational CD spectroscopic technique, opening up a reliable chiral sensing platform for advanced infrared inspection technologies

頚椎症性脊髄症症例における頚椎アライメント評価 : 坐位頚椎レントゲンと立位全脊椎レントゲンは等しく有用か?

Study Design: Retrospective review of medical charts and radiographic data. Objectives: We aimed to clarify the differences in cervical alignment findings between sitting cervical lateral radiographs and standing whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the radiographs of 50 consecutive patients who underwent cervical surgery for CSM in our hospital. Cervical sagittal alignment was evaluated based on the C0-2 angles and C2-7 Gore and Cobb angles. Head position was evaluated in terms of the center of gravity of the head to C7 (CGH-C7) angle and the McGregor angle (ie, the angle between the McGregor line and a horizontal line). The T1-slope was also evaluated. Results: The mean values of the CGH-C7 angle and T1-slope were significantly lower, while the mean value of the McGregor angle was significantly higher on whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning than on sitting cervical lateral radiographs. The mean values of the C0-2 and C2-7 angles did not differ significantly between the 2 radiographic positioning approaches. Conclusions: Using whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning may result in a significantly lower T1-slope and a posterior tilt of the head. In the absence of a compensatory change in cervical alignment, clavicle positioning may force patients to adopt an upward gazing position of the head. These compensatory mechanisms should be considered while evaluating cervical alignment on whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning. Surgical planning should take into account the effect of posture on the radiographic appearance of cervical alignment.博士（医学）・甲第702号・平成31年3月15日© The Author(s) 2018. Creative Commons Non Commercial No Derivs CC BY-NC-ND: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)