140 research outputs found
Evaluation of inferior alveolar nerve regeneration by bifocal distraction osteogenesis with retrograde transportation of horseradish peroxidase in dogs
Background: Bifocal distraction osteogenesis has been shown to be a reliable method for reconstructing segmental mandibular defects. However, there are few reports regarding the occurrence of inferior alveolar nerve regeneration during the process of distraction. Previously, we reported inferior alveolar nerve regeneration after distraction, and evaluated the regenerated nerve using histological and electrophysiological methods. In the present study, we investigated axons regenerated by bifocal distraction osteogenesis using retrograde transportation of horseradish peroxidase in the mandibles of dogs to determine their type and function. Methods and Findings: Using a bifocal distraction osteogenesis method, we produced a 10-mm mandibular defect, including a nerve defect, in 11 dogs and distracted using a transport disk at a rate of 1 mm/day. The regenerated inferior alveolar nerve was evaluated by retrograde transportation of HRP in all dogs at 3 and 6 months after the first operation. At 3 and 6 months, HRP-labeled neurons were observed in the trigeminal ganglion. The number of HRP-labeled neurons in each section increased, while the cell body diameter of HRP-labeled neurons was reduced over time. Conclusions: We found that the inferior alveolar nerve after bifocal distraction osteogenesis successfully recovered until peripheral tissue began to function. Although our research is still at the stage of animal experiments, it is considered that it will be possible to apply this method in the future to humans who have the mandibular defects. © 2014 Shogen et al.Evaluation of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Regeneration by Bifocal Distraction Osteogenesis with Retrograde Transportation of Horseradish Peroxidase in Dogs. Shogen Y, Isomura ET, Kogo M. PLOS ONE 2014. 9(4) e94365. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.009436
Young Age, Female Sex, and No Comorbidities Are Risk Factors for Adverse Reactions after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan
Background: This study compared the adverse events (AEs) of the second and third doses of BNT162b2, as well as investigated the impact of vaccine recipients’ background and vaccination interval on the AEs of the third dose. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of AEs among health care workers at Osaka University Dental Hospital. Chi-square tests were performed to compare AEs to the administration of second and third vaccine doses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the presence of AEs using age, sex, comorbidities, and the vaccination interval. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate the correlation between age, vaccination interval, and severity of each AE. Results: The third dose of BNT162b2 was associated with significantly more frequent or milder AEs than the second dose. Logistic regression analyses detected significant differences in six items of AEs by age, three by sex, two by comorbidities, and zero by vaccination interval. Consistently, the risk of AEs was greater among younger persons, females, and those without comorbidities. Significant negative correlations were detected between age and vaccination interval, and between age and the severity of most AEs. Conclusions: Young, female, and having no comorbidities are risk factors for AEs after the third dose of BNT162b2, while vaccination interval is not.Urakawa R., Isomura E.T., Matsunaga K., et al. Young Age, Female Sex, and No Comorbidities Are Risk Factors for Adverse Reactions after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan. Vaccines, 10, 8, 1357. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081357
General Factors and Dental-Related Risk Factors for Postoperative Pneumonia or Infectious Complications: A Retrospective Study
Numerous studies report that perioperative oral care decreases the frequency of postoperative pneumonia or infection. However, no studies have analyzed the specific impact of oral infection sources on the postoperative course, and the criteria for preoperative dental care differ among institutions. This study aimed to analyze the factors and dental conditions present in patients with postoperative pneumonia and infection. Our results suggest that general factors related to postoperative pneumonia, including thoracic surgery, sex (male > female), the presence or absence of perioperative oral management, smoking history, and operation time, were identified, but there were no dental-related risk factors associated with it. However, the only general factor related to postoperative infectious complications was operation time, and the only dental-related risk factor was periodontal pocket (4 mm or higher). These results suggest that oral management immediately before surgery is sufficient to prevent postoperative pneumonia, but that moderate periodontal disease must be eliminated to prevent postoperative infectious complication, which requires periodontal treatment not only immediately before surgery, but also on a daily basis.Isomura E.T., Fujimoto Y., Matsukawa M., et al. General Factors and Dental-Related Risk Factors for Postoperative Pneumonia or Infectious Complications: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, 3529 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12103529
Evaluation of sites of velopharyngeal structure augmentation in dogs for improvement of velopharyngeal insufficiency
Background Velopharyngeal structure augmentation methods are used as alternatives to velopharyngeal plasty. Anatomic sites of implantation/injection vary widely due to a lack of standardized criteria. Here, we experimentally investigated optimal sites of velopharyngeal structure augmentation via saline injection in dogs as they naturally exhibit velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Methods Velopharyngeal structure augmentation was performed on 10 beagles (age range: 20–24 months; weight range: 9–12 kg). Saline containing 1/80,000 epinephrine was injected intraorally in 1-mL increments into the nasal mucosa of the soft palate (n = 4), posterior pharyngeal wall (n = 3), or bilateral pharyngeal walls (n = 3) of each dog. Nasal air leakage was measured under rebreathing until velopharyngeal closure was achieved; the measurement was performed using flow meter sensors on both nasal apertures, and the oral cavity was filled with alginate impression material to prevent oral air leakage. Results Pre-injection, the dogs exhibited an average of 0.455 L/s air leakage from the nasal cavity. The dogs with saline injected into the nasal mucosa of the soft palate achieved steady augmentation, and nasal air leakage disappeared under rebreathing following 6-mL saline injection. Conversely, nasal air leakage remained in the dogs with saline injected in the posterior pharyngeal wall or bilateral pharyngeal walls. Conclusions During VPI treatment in dogs, augmentation was most effective at the nasal mucosa of the soft palate. Improvement in nasal air leakage was highly dependent on the saline injection volume. Although velopharyngeal structures vary between dogs and humans, velopharyngeal closure style is similar. Thus, our results may aid in the treatment of VPI patients.Evaluation of sites of velopharyngeal structure augmentation in dogs for improvement of velopharyngeal insufficiency. Isomura ET, Nakagawa K, Matsukawa M, Mitsui R, Kogo M. PLOS ONE. 2019. 14(2) e0212752. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.021275
Endoscopic soft palate augmentation using injectable materials in dogs to ameliorate velopharyngeal insufficiency
Background Velopharyngeal structure augmentation methods are used as alternatives to pharyngeal flap operations. Recently, we investigated the sites of velopharyngeal structure augmentation in dogs and reported that the most effective injection location is the soft palate. However, there have been no reports regarding the optimal materials for implantation or injection. In this study, we aimed to investigate the injectable materials used in soft palate augmentation in dogs to ameliorate velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Methods Endoscopic soft palate augmentation (ESPA) was performed in dogs using purified sodium hyaluronate, atelocollagen, or autogenic fat tissue. ESPA is an original technique developed by our group, and this is the first report of its performance. Moreover, we assessed the amount of nasal air leakage during inspiration at rest and during expiration under the rebreathing system at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after injection of these materials. Results The amount of nasal air leakage during expiration under the rebreathing system was significantly decreased in all dogs injected with the ESPA materials, but neither apnea nor hypopnea was observed. Conclusions We investigated the optimal materials for use in ESPA, such as purified sodium hyaluronate, atelocollagen, or autogenic fat tissue. We found that all of them reduced nasal air leakage and only autogenic fat tissue showed significant histologic differences in dogs at 6 months. This technique may also be useful for the treatment of patients with VPI.Endoscopic soft palate augmentation using injectable materials in dogs to ameliorate velopharyngeal insufficiency. Isomura ET, Matsukawa M, Nakagawa K, Mitsui R, Kogo M. PLOS ONE. 2020. 15(9) e0238646. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.023864
Metastasis to the finger of oral floor squamous cell carcinoma: A case report
When cetuximab is used, diagnosing finger metastasis can be difficult due to the side effects of paronychia and color changes of nails. Finger metastasis may be a marker of multiple metastasis; therefore, it can lead to a poor prognosis
A Case of Bifid Mandibular Condyle
Bifid mandibular condyle is a rare anatomic anomaly that can result from congenital malformation, trauma, infection or tumor. We report a case of bifid mandibular condyle found after head injury. A bifid mandibular condyle was seen on the computed tomographic scan of a 41-year-old man after a car accident. The patient had asymmetry in the condylar angle and length of the condylar neck, and anomaly of occlusion resulting from many residual roots with deep caries. Mouth-opening and mandibular movements were normal, however, the presence of temporomandibular joint symptoms was unclear because of the patient’s unconsciousness at the time of the scan. The bifid mandibular condyle could have resulted from a bicycle accident when the patient was 7 years of age, based on information from the patient’s family.Isomura ET, Kobashi H, Tanaka S, Enomoto A, Kogo M (2017) A Case of Bifid Mandibular Condyle. OMICS J Radiol 6: 278. DOI: 10.4172/2167-7964.1000278
Clinical application of endoscopic soft palate augmentation in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency
Velopharyngeal structure augmentation with the injection of autologous fat tissue into the nasal mucosa of the soft palate has been reported previously. However, as the injection points in the velopharyngeal space cannot be observed directly, these injections may be difficult to perform accurately. This report describes a new endoscope-assisted approach in which the materials for velopharyngeal structure augmentation are administered while observing the injection points directly, also enabling adjustment of the amount of material injected. A case series of five patients aged 8–16 years who underwent endoscopic soft palate augmentation under general anaesthesia is reported. Autologous fat tissue was injected into the nasal mucosa of the soft palate using a needle-type device of an endoscope, and the effects of the treatment were evaluated. The injections were performed successfully, and the velopharyngeal function was improved. This new technique of endoscopy-assisted augmentation was useful for the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency.Isomura E.T., Matsukawa M., Yokota Y., et al. Clinical application of endoscopic soft palate augmentation in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2023.01.003
Saliva and Plasma Reflect Metabolism Altered by Diabetes and Periodontitis
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by disintegration of the balance between the periodontal microbiome and host response. While growing evidence suggests links between periodontitis and various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which often coexist in individuals with abdominal obesity, factors linking periodontal inflammation to common metabolic alterations remain to be fully elucidated. More detailed characterization of metabolomic profiles associated with multiple oral and cardiometabolic traits may provide better understanding of the complexity of oral-systemic crosstalk and its underlying mechanism. We performed comprehensive profiling of plasma and salivary metabolomes using untargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate multivariate covariation with clinical markers of oral and systemic health in 31 T2D patients with metabolic comorbidities and 30 control subjects. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) results enabled more accurate characterization of associations among 11 oral and 25 systemic clinical outcomes, and 143 salivary and 78 plasma metabolites. In particular, metabolites that reflect cardiometabolic changes were identified in both plasma and saliva, with plasma and salivary ratios of (mannose + allose):1,5-anhydroglucitol achieving areas under the curve of 0.99 and 0.92, respectively, for T2D diagnosis. Additionally, OPLS analysis of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) as the numerical response variable revealed shared and unique responses of metabolomic and clinical markers to PISA between healthy and T2D groups. When combined with linear regression models, we found a significant correlation between PISA and multiple metabolites in both groups, including threonate, cadaverine and hydrocinnamate in saliva, as well as lactate and pentadecanoic acid in plasma, of which plasma lactate showed a predominant trend in the healthy group. Unique metabolites associated with PISA in the T2D group included plasma phosphate and salivary malate, while those in the healthy group included plasma gluconate and salivary adenosine. Remarkably, higher PISA was correlated with altered hepatic lipid metabolism in both groups, including higher levels of triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, leading to increased risk of cardiometabolic disease based on a score summarizing levels of CVD-related biomarkers. These findings revealed the potential utility of saliva for evaluating the risk of metabolic disorders without need for a blood test, and provide evidence that disrupted liver lipid metabolism may underlie the link between periodontitis and cardiometabolic disease.Sakanaka A., Kuboniwa M., Katakami N., et al. Saliva and Plasma Reflect Metabolism Altered by Diabetes and Periodontitis. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 8, , 742002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.742002
Influence of oxygen-coordination number on the electronic structure of single-layer La-based cuprates
We present an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the
single-layer T*-type structured cuprate SmLaSrCuO with unique
five-fold pyramidal oxygen coordination. Upon varying oxygen content,
T*-SmLaSrCuO evolved from a Mott-insulating to a metallic state
where the Luttinger sum rule breaks down under the assumption of a large
hole-like Fermi surface. This is in contrast with the known doping evolution of
the structural isomer LaSrCuO with six-fold octahedral
coordination. In addition, quantitatively characterized Fermi surface suggests
that the empirical rule for octahedral oxygen-coordination
systems does not apply to T*-SmLaSrCuO. The present results
highlight unique properties of the T*-type cuprates possibly rooted in its
oxygen coordination, and necessitate thorough investigation with careful
evaluation of disorder effects.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
- …