Innovation networks in China, Japan, and Korea : evidence from Japanese patent data

The growing importance of innovation in economic growth has encouraged the development of innovation capabilities in East Asia, within which China, Japan, and Korea are most important in terms of technological capabilities. Using Japanese patent data, we examine how knowledge networks have developed among these countries. We find that Japan's technological specialization saw little change, but those of Korea and China changed rapidly since 1970s. By the year 2009, technology specialization has become similar across three countries in the sense that the common field of prominent technology is "electronic circuits and communication technologies". Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronic technology, pointing to the deepening of innovation networks in these countries.East Asia, China, South Korea, Japan, Technological innovations, Industrial technology, Patents, Technology transfer, Electronics, Telecommunication, Innovation network, Patent statistics

Renormalization Group Effects on the Mass Relation Predicted by the Standard Model with Generalized Covariant Derivatives

Renormalization group analysis is made on the relation $m_{\rm H} \simeq \sqrt{2}m_t$ for masses of the top quark and the Higgs boson, which is predicted by the standard model based on generalized covariant derivatives with gauge and Higgs fields. This relation is a low energy manifestation of a tree level constraint which holds among the quartic Higgs self-coupling constant and the Yukawa coupling constants at a certain high energy scale $\mu_0$. With the renormalization group equation at one-loop level, the evolution of the constraint is calculated from $\mu_0$ down to the low energy region around the observed top quark mass. The result of analysis shows that the Higgs boson mass is in $m_t \lesssim m_{\rm H} \lesssim \sqrt{2}m_t$ for a wide range of the energy scale $\mu_0 \gtrsim m_t$ and it approaches to 177 GeV ($\approx m_t$) for large values of $\mu_0$.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Electronic Musical Instrument to Generate Musical Tones to Imitate a Stringed Instrument

Provided are an electronic musical instrument, computer storage device, and method for generating tone. A sound source in an electronic musical instrument generates a first tone at a first pitch in response to a first tone generation instruction received by an input device of the electronic musical instrument. A second tone generation instruction is received to generate a second tone at a second pitch while generating the first tone at the sound source. A determination is made of a pitch difference of the first and the second pitches. The sound source is controlled to generate the second tone and to not generate the first tone in response to determining that the pitch difference does not exceed a predetermined number of tones. The sound source is controlled to generate the second tone in response to determining that the pitch difference exceeds the predetermined number of tones

Automatic Detection and Rectification of Paper Receipts on Smartphones

We describe the development of a real-time smartphone app that allows the user to digitize paper receipts in a novel way by "waving" their phone over the receipts and letting the app automatically detect and rectify the receipts for subsequent text recognition. We show that traditional computer vision algorithms for edge and corner detection do not robustly detect the non-linear and discontinuous edges and corners of a typical paper receipt in real-world settings. This is particularly the case when the colors of the receipt and background are similar, or where other interfering rectangular objects are present. Inaccurate detection of a receipt's corner positions then results in distorted images when using an affine projective transformation to rectify the perspective. We propose an innovative solution to receipt corner detection by treating each of the four corners as a unique "object", and training a Single Shot Detection MobileNet object detection model. We use a small amount of real data and a large amount of automatically generated synthetic data that is designed to be similar to real-world imaging scenarios. We show that our proposed method robustly detects the four corners of a receipt, giving a receipt detection accuracy of 85.3% on real-world data, compared to only 36.9% with a traditional edge detection-based approach. Our method works even when the color of the receipt is virtually indistinguishable from the background. Moreover, our method is trained to detect only the corners of the central target receipt and implicitly learns to ignore other receipts, and other rectangular objects. Including synthetic data allows us to train an even better model. These factors are a major advantage over traditional edge detection-based approaches, allowing us to deliver a much better experience to the user

Innovation networks in China, Japan, and Korea : evidence from Japanese patent data

The growing importance of innovation in economic growth has encouraged the development of innovation capabilities in East Asia, within which China, Japan, and Korea are most important in terms of technological capabilities. Using Japanese patent data, we examine how knowledge networks have developed among these countries. We find that Japan\u27s technological specialization saw little change, but those of Korea and China changed rapidly since 1970s. By the year 2009, technology specialization has become similar across three countries in the sense that the common field of prominent technology is "electronic circuits and communication technologies". Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronic technology, pointing to the deepening of innovation networks in these countries